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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the circuitry responsible for primary afferent depolarization in the trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis of cats (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 29 (1977), S. 405-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Trigeminal nerve ; PAD ; Trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis ; Interneuron ; Subnucleus magnocellularis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Depth analysis was performed on the field potential evoked by stimulation of the infraorbital nerve in the trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis and the subjacent lateral reticular formation of cats. It was shown by dye marking of the recording positions that each subnucleus of the nucleus caudalis (subnucleus marginalis, gelatinosus and magnocellularis) and the reticular formation could be differentiated from one another by the characteristics of the peripherally evoked field potentials. Responses of neurons were extracellularly recorded in the subnuclei gelatinosus and magnocellularis of the nucleus caudalis and in the reticular formation to stimulation of the trigeminal sensory branches (the frontal, infraorbital and lingual nerves), the nucleus ventralis posteromedialis of the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. The properties of the neurons were studied in relation to their thresholds, latencies, receptive fields (sensory branches effective for spike generation) and frequency-following capacities. These responses were then compared with properties of the PAD induced in the fibers terminating in the nucleus caudalis by similar peripheral and central stimulation. It was found that the neurons in the subnucleus magnocellularis were the most likely candidates for the interneurons mediating the peripherally evoked disynaptic PAD in the trigeminal nerve fibers terminating in the nucleus caudalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236179
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary afferent depolarization in the trigeminal spinal nucleus of cats (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 29 (1977), S. 45-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Trigeminal nerve ; Primary afferent fiber ; Trigeminal spinal nucleus ; PAD ; Intra-axonal record
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intra-axonal recordings were made from trigeminal primary afferent fibers in the trigeminal spinal nuclei oralis and caudalis of cats. Primary afferent depolarization (PAD) was evoked in these afferents by stimulation of the trigeminal peripheral sensory branches (the frontal, infraorbital and lingual nerves), the cerebral cortex and the trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis. The properties of the PAD, including the threshold, latency, receptive field (sensory branches effective for PAD induction) and frequency-following capacity, were studied with the following results: 1. Stimulation of all the peripheral branches tested as well as the cerebral cortex could evoke PAD in the same single fiber. The latency of the PAD evoked by stimulation of the nerve in which the fiber being recorded from was included was generally shorter than that evoked by other branches. The PAD evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation was assumed to be disynaptic in some cases. 2. The peripherally evoked PAD was chiefly attributable to low threshold afferents in the stimulated sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve. 3. The peripherally evoked PAD could follow stimulation at up to 30/sec, though the amplitude was reduced. 4. Stimulation of the nucleus caudalis could evoke PAD with disynaptic latency in the majority of the fibers terminating in the same nucleus, whereas it evoked PAD with mainly polysynaptic latency in the fibers terminating in the nucleus oralis. The results are discussed in relation to the neuronal circuitry responsible for induction of the trigeminal PAD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236874
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural 15N abundance in shrub and tree legumes, Casuarina, and non N2 fixing plants in Thailand (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 128 (1990), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aeschynomene spp. ; Casuarina spp. ; Mimosa spp. ; N2 fixation ; δ 15N ; Sesbania spp. ; tree legumes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The leaves and nodules from the shrub and tree legumes, particularly, Aeschynomene spp., Sesbania spp., Mimosa spp. and Leucaena spp., and Casuarina spp. and the leaves from neighbouring non-fixing plants were analyzed for their natural abundances of 15N (δ 15N). The δ 15N in the leaves of non-fixing plants was +5.9% on average, whereas those from shrub legumes and Casuarina spp. were lower and close to the values of atmospheric N2, suggesting the large contribution of N2 fixation as the N source in these plants. The δ 15N values of the leaves from tree legumes except for Leucaena spp. were between the shrub legumes and non-fixing plants, which suggests that the fractional contribution of fixed N2 in tree legumes may be smaller than that in the shrub legumes. Casuarina spp. was highly dependent on N2 fixation. The δ 15N values of the nodules from most of the shrub legumes investigated were higher than those of the leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011121
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural abundance of 15N in tropical plants with emphasis on tree legumes (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 153 (1993), S. 295-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: natural 15N abundance ; N2 fixation ; Panicum maximum ; tree legumes ; tropical ecosystem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Natural abundance of 15N (δ 15N) of leaves harvested from tropical plants in Brazil and Thailand was analyzed. The δ 15N values of non-N2-fixing trees in Brazil were +4.5±1.9‰, which is lower than those of soil nitrogen (+8.0±2.2‰). In contrast, mimosa and kudzu had very low δ 15N values (−1.4≈+0.5‰). The δ 15N values of Panicum maximum and leguminous trees, except Leucaena leucocephala, were similar to those of non-N2-fixing trees, suggesting that the contribution of fixed N in these plants is negligible. The δ 15N values of non-N2-fixing trees in Thailand were +4.9±2.0‰. Leucaena leucocephala, Sesbania grandiflora, Casuarina spp. and Cycas spp. had low δ 15N values, close to the value of atmospheric N2 (0‰), pointing to a major contribution of N2 fixation in these plants. Cassia spp. and Tamarindus indica had high δ 15N values, which confirms that these species are non-nodulating legumes. The δ 15N values of Acacia spp. and Gliricidia sepium and other potentially nodulating tree legumes were, on average, slightly lower than those of non-N2-fixing trees, indicating a small contribution of N2 fixation in these legumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00013003
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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