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  • N2-fixation  (3)
  • Nitrogen fixation  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation and balance studies of rice soil (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 15-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; N-balance studies ; Azolla ; Blue-green algae ; Chemical N fertilization ; Rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A nitrogen balance study conducted in ceramic pots under net house conditions for four seasons showed that flooded rice soil leaves a positive nitrogen balance (N increase) in soil after rice cropping in both fertilized and unfertilized soil. Recovery of nitrogen from rice soil was more than its input in unfertilized soil, but it was reverse in fertilized soil. Incorporation of Azolla or BGA twice as basal and 20 days after transplanting (DAT) alone or in combination showed higher nitrogen balance and N2-fixation (N gain) in soil than in that where it was applied once either as basal or 20 DAT. Planted soil showed more N2-fixation than that of fallow rice, and flooded soil fixed more nitrogen in comparison to non-flooded soil in light but less in dark. Soil exposed to light fixed more nitrogen than that of unexposed soil in both flooded and non-flooded conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280345
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of gas vacuole-less mutants of the blue-green alga Anabaenopsis raciborskii (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 111 (1976), S. 195-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Mutation ; Blue-green alga ; Anabaenopsis raciborskii ; Gas vacuole ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From a bloom forming blue-green alga, Anabaenopsis raciborskii, spontaneous mutants, which had lost the ability to form gas vacuoles have been isolated; the mutant frequency was 4.8×10-3. The filaments of gas vacuole-less mutants settled at the bottom of flasks in liquid culture media unlike the parent alga. The growth and nitrogen fixation were comparatively poor in the mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446569
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Azolla management on the growth, yield of rice and soil fertility (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azolla pinnata ; dual cropping ; N2-fixation ; spacing ; rice yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field experiment conducted at Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, during three successive seasons showed that with the 120-day-duration variety Ratna two dual crops ofAzolla pinnata R. Brown (Bangkok isolate) could be achieved 25 and 50 days after transplanting (DAT) by inoculating 2.0 t ha−1 of fresh Azolla 10 and 30 DAT respectively. One basal crop of Azolla could also be grown using the same inoculum 20 days before transplanting (DBT) in fallow rice fields. The three crops of Azolla grown—once before transplanting and twice after transplanting—gave an average total biomass of 38–63 and 43–64 t ha−1 fresh Azolla containing 64–90 and 76–94 kg N ha−1 respectively in the square and rectangular spacings. Two crops of Azolla grown only as a dual crop, on the other hand, gave 26–39 and 29–41 t ha−1 fresh Azolla which contained 44–61 and 43–59 kg N ha−1 respectively. Growth and yield of rice were significantly higher in Azolla basal plus Azolla dual twice incorporated treatments than in the Azolla dual twice incorporation, Azolla basal plus 30 kg N ha−1 urea and 60 kg N ha−1 urea treatments. Azolla basal plus 30 kg N ha−1 urea and 60 kg N ha−1 urea showed similar yields but Azolla dual twice incorporation was significantly lower than those. The different spacing with same plant populations did not affect growth and yield significantly, whereas Azolla growth during dual cropping was 8.3 and 64% more in the rectangular spacing than in the square spacing in Azolla basal plus Azolla dual twice incorporation and Azolla dual twice incorporation treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370898
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rice yields as influenced by Azolla N2 fixation and urea N-fertilization (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 114 (1989), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azolla pinnata ; Nitrogen fixation ; N yield ; Oryza sativa ; Urea-N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Application of 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha−1 of urea (U) in split doses with (and without)Azolla pinnata, R. Brown was studied for three consecutive seasons under planted field condition. Fresh weight (FW), acetylene reduction activity (ARA) and N yield of Azolla were found to be maximum 14 days after inoculation (DAI). Among the different treatments, maximum Azolla growth was recorded in no N control. The FW, ARA and N yield of Azolla were inhibited increasingly with the increase in N levels. Irrespective of season, FW and N yield of Azolla were inhibited only a small extent with 90 kg N ha−1 U, beyond which the inhibition was pronounced. ARA was inhibited only slightly up to 60 kg N ha−1 of U. Grain yield and crop N uptake of rice increased significantly up to 90 kg N ha−1 of U (alone or in combination with Azolla) in the dry seasons (variety IR 36) and up to 60 kg N ha−1 U in the wet season (variety CR 1018).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02203082
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of varying periods of inoculation ofAzolla pinnata R. Brown on its growth, nitrogen fixation and response to rice crop (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 98 (1987), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azolla pinnata ; Inoculation ; Intercropping ; N2-fixation ; Rice yield ; Rice N-uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inoculation of water fernAzolla pinnata R. Brown (Bangkok isolate) at the rate of 500kg fresh weight ha−1 in rice fields at weekly intervals after planting in addition to 30 kg N ha−1 as urea showed a decrease in its growth and N2-fixation with delay in application. Use of Azolla up to 3 weeks after planting (WAP) during wet and 4 WAP during dry season produced significantly more grain yield than 30 kg N ha−1, whereas its application upto one WAP produced more grain yield than 60 kg N ha−1. Grain yield with Azolla applied at the time of planting was similar to that of 60 kg N treatment during the wet season. Higher grain yields in zero and one WAP Azolla treatments resulted due to increase in both number of panicles m−2 and number of grains/panicle while the subsequent Azolla inoculations increased grain yield mainly by producing more number of grains/panicle. Dry matter and total N yields at maturity of rice crop were more with Azolla application upto 3 WAP during wet and 2 WAP during dry season while the reduction in sterility (%) was observed upto one WAP over 30 kg N ha−1 during both seasons. Number of tillers m−2 and dry matter production at maximum tillering and flowering were more than 30 kg N ha−1 with the use of Azolla upto one WAP. Increased grain N yield was observed with the use of Azolla upto 4 WAP during two seasons whereas straw N yield increased upto one WAP during wet and 2 WAP during dry season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374829
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and acetylene reduction activity ofAzolla caroliniana Willd. as influenced by split applications of urea fertilizer and their response on rice yield (1988)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 18 (1988), S. 189-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Azolla caroliniana ; N2-fixation ; rice yield ; crop N uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Experiment with different split applications of 40 kg N ha−1 of urea (U) at transplanting:30 days after transplanting:40 days before crop maturity with different proportions of 50:25:25, 25:50:25 and 0:50:50 splits, with and without Azolla, carried out for two consecutive seasons, revealed that fresh weight (FW), N2-fixation measured by acetylene reduction activity (ARA) and N yield of newly introducedAzolla caroliniana were higher with 0:50:50 treatment followed by 25:50:25 and 50:25:25.Azolla was unincorporated and left for self decomposition. The crop yield (grain yield, straw yield) and crop N uptake data indicated that among the no Azolla treatments, the use of 50:25:25 split resulted in highest crop yield and crop N uptake followed by 25:50:25 and 0:50:50 treatments, while these parameters recorded maximum value with 25:50:25 split in combination with Azolla followed by 50:25:25 and 0:50:50 treatments. The use of Azolla increased crop yield and crop N uptake significantly over no Azolla treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049513
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