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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CCNU-Adriamycin association induces earlier and more severe nephropathy in rats (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 61 (1988), S. 282-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Adriamycin ; CCNU ; Nephrotoxicity ; Hepatotoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adriamycin (ADR) has a broad spectrum of antitumoral activity but is ineffective against human brain tumors. However, such tumors can be sensitive to a combination of adriamycin and lipophilic antineoplastic agents such as the nitrosoureas. CCNU, a nitrosourea, induces cholestasis in the rat and ADR is predominantly excreted via the biliary route. We decided to investigate the effect of CCNU on the nephrotic syndrome induced by ADR. Female Wistar rats were injected with a single dose of 10 mg/kg ADR and 24 h later were force fed 20 mg/kg CCNU in a single dose. Animals were sacrificed 4, 8, 15, 21, 28 or 60 days after the injection of ADR. A high rate of fatality (60%) occurred after the 21st day of treatment. Biological changes (alkaline phosphatase, SGPT, bilirubin) and ultrastructural studies showed that CCNU and CCNU+ADR induced the same degree of cholestasis. With the administered dose, CCNU is not nephrotoxic, ADR induces a nephrotic syndrome and ADR+CCNU appeared more nephrotoxic. With ADR, visceral epithelial foot process fusion was seen on day 15 and tubulo-interstitial lesions and glomerulosclerosis on day 60. With ADR+CCNU fusion of the foot process was seen on day 4, glomerular vacuolation on day 8, tubulo-interstitial alterations on day 15 and glomerulosclerosis on day 60. For both ADR and ADR+CCNU wrinkling and thickening of the basement membrane of proximal tubular cells were seen on day 60. Lipid mesangial overload was seen with ADR and was more intense with ADR+CCNU on day 60. CCNU hepatoxicity modifies the excretion of ADR and the predominantly renal excretion of ADR seems to induce earlier renal alterations in ADR+CCNU-treated rats. This study supports the concept that lipid mesangial overload may play an important role in chronic progressive glomerulosclerosis and thus the ADR+CCNU combination appears to be an interesting model in which to study these relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364851
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal toxicity of the antitumor drug N2-methyl-9-hydroxyellipticinium acetate in the wistar rat (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 61 (1988), S. 292-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Nephrotoxicity ; Cytostatic drug ; Celiptium ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Celiptium (N2-methyl-9-hydroxy-ellipticinium) is an antitumoral agent used to treat bone metastases from breast carcinomas. This new drug appeared to be of great interest because of the absence of hepato-or myelotoxicity. Three different investigators recently mentioned cases of celiptium-induced renal failure. We therefore undertook a study of renal function and morphology in female Wistar rats. Two single i.v. doses (10 or 20 mg/kg) were administered and animals were sacrificed 4, 8, 15, 28 and 60 days after injection. One group of rats received multiple doses, 5 mg/kg/week for 8 weeks. No mortality was observed. With the 10 mg/kg single dose creatinine clearance (Ccr) and urinary enzymes did not change, and tubular lesions were rare. With the 20 mg/kg single dose CCr decreased on day 4 and returned to normal on day 28. Urinary enzyme excretion (AAP, NAG, γGT) increased. Renal lesions were diffuse with tubular necrosis, luminal dilation and later (day 28) interstitial cellular infiltration. These lesions persisted on day 60 and appeared to be irreversible. Ultrastructural studies showed numerous large fat droplets in proximal tubular cells. Glycerol concentrations in renal cortex homogenates were increased while phospholipids are slightly decreased. With 5 mg/kg every week (multiple doses) Ccr decreased and tubular lesions similar to the observed with the 20 mg/kg single dose were seen. Thus celiptium induced dose-dependent nephrotoxicity in rats with prolonged tubular alterations. Since it has been shown that renal tubular cells metabolized celiptium in vitro into electrophilic intermediates, we suggest that free radicals and quinone derivatives may contribute to peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and play a role in the nephrotoxicity of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364852
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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