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  • Chemistry  (27)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (8)
  • Nicotine  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-abstinence smoke intake and smoking motivation as predictors of severity of cigarette withdrawal symptoms (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 87 (1985), S. 334-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Withdrawal ; Cigarette ; Nicotine ; Dependence ; Motivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-nine cigarette smokers completed a smoking motivation questionnaire and had expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) and plasma nicotine concentrations measured prior to abstaining from smoking for 24 h. Before and after the abstinence period, the subjects rated mood and physical symptoms known to be affected by cigarette abstinence (e.g. irritability, restlessness). Scores on the “dependent smoking” subscale of the smoking motivation questionnaire correlated significantly with overall withdrawal severity, craving, and increased irritability. “Indulgent smoking” scores correlated positively with increased hunger. Pre-abstinence plasma nicotine concentration significantly pedicted craving, hunger, restlessness, inability to concentrate and overall withdrawal severity, while expired-air CO predicted craving and restlessness only. Usual daily cigarette consumption did not significantly predict any withdrawal effects. The data indicate that pre-abstinence measures of smoking motivation and smoke intake may provide a guide to withdrawal severity on smoking cessation and that smokers with a high pre-abstinence nicotine intake experience the greatest discomfort.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432717
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine addiction: a re-analysis of the arguments (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 108 (1992), S. 408-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Smoking ; Nicotine ; Dependence ; Addiction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper evaluates the arguments put forward by Robinson and Pritchard (R&P, this volume) that the conclusions of the US Surgeon General (USDHHS 1988) that nicotine is addictive were ill founded. R&P state that nicotine does not cause intoxication, that many smokers do not exhibit compulsive use, that nicotine is not a euphoriant, that nicotine is a weak reinforcer in other species, that non-pharmacological aspects of smoking are important and that negative affect control accounts for more of the variance in questionnaire measures of smoking motives than does habit. This paper points out that intoxication and a euphoriant effect are not normally considered to be central to dependence potential, that no addictive drug results in compulsive use in all users in all situations, that animals do reliably self-administer nicotine, that evidence concerning the apparent importance of non-pharmacological components of smoking do not diminish the importance of pharmacological aspects and that “variance accounted for” of self-report measures of smoking motivation do not bear on the issue of the importance of those motives. The paper concludes with a summary of the essence of the argument that cigarettes are addictive and that nicotine is the primary focus of that addiction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247413
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Function of cigarette smoking in relation to examinations (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 108 (1992), S. 456-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Smoking ; Nicotine ; Examination anxiety ; Stress ; Arousal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eighty-two college students took part in a study on motives underlying increases in cigarette smoking prior to examinations. One group was tested a month before, and a second group was tested the day before, the start of examinations. Measures were taken of current cigarette consumption, general anxiety, anxiety about forthcoming exams, the importance of sedative and stimulant smoking motives, hours spent revising and in other activities and amount smoked during these activities. The results indicated that the students increased the hours they spent revising and there was a corresponding increase in the number of cigarettes smoked during this activity. They also reported an increase in the importance of stimulant smoking motives. Anxiety levels increased in the run up to exams but there was no increase in sedative smoking motives. The results raise the issue of whether any anxiolytic action of nicotine may be limited to acute stressors and also whether smokers' use of cigarettes to help them stay alert during revision translates into improved examination performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247421
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    29Si nuclear magnetic resonance of dimethyl and phenylmethyl containing polysilanes (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 701-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 29Si-NMR spectra are reported for poly(methylphenylsilylene), 1, poly(1,1,2-trimethyl-2-phenyldisilene) 2, two samples of poly(dimethylsilylene-co-phenylmethylsilylene), 3a and 3b, and poly(phenylmethylsilylene-co-n-hexylmethylsilylene), 4. The spectra of 3a, 3b, and 4 indicate that these polymers contain blocklike regions with considerable segregation of RMeSi and PhMeSi groups. The spectrum of 2 shows no evidence for stereospecific polymerization. The preparation of 2 from 1,1,2-trimethyl-2-phenyldichlorosilane is also described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1988.080260303
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    29Si nuclear magnetic resonance of dialkylpolysilanes (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 713-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of a number of dialky- and alkylmethylpoly-silanes are reported. Polysilanes composed of asymmetrically substituted silylenes (i.e., alkylmethylsilylenes) exhibited very broad resonance lines attributed to diastereomeric chemical shifts of stereogenic silylenes alpha and beta to the observed nucles Symmetrically substituted polysilanes showed a single narrow peak. The 29Si chemical shifts for these polysilanes decrease with increasing steric bulk of the substituents, varying inversely with the electronic excitation energy.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1988.080260304
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of silicon-nitrogen ring formation from tetrachlorodisilanesDedicated to Prof. Adrian Gibbs Brook, father of the silicon = carbon double bond. (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Heteroatom Chemistry 5 (1994), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The addition of n equiv of MesNHLi (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) and m equiv of 12-crown-4 (m = 0.1, 1, 2, 3, 4) to (RsiCl2)2 (R = Mesityl; t-Butyl) in THF at -78°C resulted in higher yields and improved selectivities of cyclodisilazanes and azadisilacyclopropanes. The reaction of 2 equiv of MesNDLi with (MesSiCl2)2 (I) yielded cis-2-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetramestylcyclodisilazane (2a) with 95% Si—H deuteration. 2a was quantitatively chlorinated with retention of stereochemistry by N-chlorosuccinimide to give the cis dichlorocyclodisilazane (3). Variable-temperature 1H NMR studies from -70°C to 25°C in d8-THF were performed on 1, 2a, 2b, and 3. 1 exhibited little variation throughout the temperature range, whereas 2a, 2b, and 3 showed several rotational isomers. trans-2,3-Bis(mesitylamino)-1,2,3-trimesitylazadisilacyclopropane was shown to isomerize to the cis isomer in the presence of n-BuLi or MesNHLi. The molecular structures of 1 and 3 were determined by X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with cell parameters a = 16.599(2) Å b = 14.633(2) Å, c = 16.945(2) Å, β = 92.044(13)°, V = 4113.1(8) Å3, Z = 8, d (calcd) = 1.409 g/cm3, and R = 6.88%. Compound 3 ° C6H6 crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pbca, with cell parameters a = 17.906(4) Å, b = 13.918(3) Å, c = 31.700(6) Å, V = 7900(3) Å3, Z = 8, d (calcd) = 1.194 g/cm3, and R = 7.52%.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hc.520050304
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The wonderful world of organosilicon chemistryAs presented at the Ninth International Symposium on Organosilicon Chemistry, Edinburgh (scotland); July 16-20, 1990. (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Heteroatom Chemistry 2 (1991), S. 335-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hc.520020216
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallographic analysis of thermochromic, unsolvated tetramesityldisilene at 173 K and 295 K (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Heteroatom Chemistry 1 (1990), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: X-ray crystal structure determinations of tetramesityldisilene (1) at 295 K, where it is bright orange, and at 173 K, where it is pale yellow, were experimentally equivalent. The thermochromism of 1, therefore, is not due to changes in conformation; a vibrational origin is considered. The crystal structure of unsolvated 1 differs substantially from that of the toluene solvate (1·C7H8) because of different crystal packing of the two forms. These two solid-state structures are compared with those of four other disilenes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hc.520010102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetic and Structural Studies of 1-Sila-2,5-diaryltetrazenes (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1579-1583 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Silatetrazenes ; Nitrogen-silicon ring systems ; Bissilylamines ; Silicon-29 solid state NMR ; Aryl azides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction between aryl azides and lithiated aryl amines leads to tetrazenes 3 and 9 which contain a chain of four nitrogen atoms. Reaction with different halosilanes gives the cyclic silatetrazenes 10, 12, and 15 where substitutents on the silicon vary form alkyl to hydrogen and chlorine atoms. The structures of 10, 12, and 15 in the solid state are reported. Variation of the solvent and the Lewis acidity of the halosilane influence the ratio of silatetrazene to side products, bissilyated amines. These effects are studied for different halosilanes.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19971301105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homologe Reihe cyclischer Polysilane von (Me2Si)5 bis (Me2Si)35Professor Gerhard Fritz zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmetCyclische Polysilane, 14. Mitteilung. Diese Arbeit wurde von der U. S. Air Force of Scientific Research unterstützt (Grant AF-AFOSR-78-3570). - 13. Mitteilung: [3]. (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 91 (1979), S. 1022-1023 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19790911228
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