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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 104 (1991), S. 470-474 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Smoking ; Silver acetate ; Nicotine ; Chewing gum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a randomized smoking cessation study 211, 203 and 82 persons were supported with nicotine, silver acetate and ordinary chewing gum, respectively. After 26 weeks there was no overall difference in number of abstainers between treatments. Participants were divided into subsets with low and high weighted packyears consumption (WPY) which modifies tobacco consumption by nicotine content. Abstainer rates in the total population controlled for treatment decreased with increasing WPY (P〈0.005). In participants with low WPY abstainer rate was higher in the silver acetate group compared to the nicotine (P〈0.0005) and ordinary (P〈0.05) chewing gum groups. Nicotine chewing gum was more effective than silver acetate (P〈0.05) and ordinary (P〈0.05) chewing gum in smokers with high WPY. Ratings on some inconveniences experienced during earlier attempts to quit smoking influenced the ability to break the habit but had no influence on chewing gum effects. This study indicated that through consideration of smoking history it should be possible to individualize pharmacological support to smokers wanting to quit, with silver acetate chewing gum most effective for smokers with a low WPY and nicotine chewing gum most effective for smokers with a high WPY.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    HNO 46 (1998), S. 536-539 
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Laryngeale Hyperreagibilität ; Acetylcholininhalation ; Stimmanalyse ; Key words Laryngeal hyperreactivity ; Acetylcholine inhalation ; Voice analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Increased reactions of the laryngeal mucosal membrane can appear after acetylcholine (ACH) inhalation. A red mucous membrane, vocal cord edema, mucus formation, changes in the glottic configuration and (rarely) sub-glottic edema are visible to laryngoscopic observations. The influence on various voice parameters in patients with and without laryngeal hyperreactivity was researched in order to decide the reliability of voice para-meter measurements in clinical practice. Significant variations of the soft phonation index (SPI), the fundamental frequency variation (vFo), the noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR) and the voice turbulence index (VTI) were examined for their correlations with the observable features of laryngeal hyper-reactivity. A single diagnosis of hyperreac-tivity with voice parameter analysis failed in 50% of the patients examined because of functionalvoice instability and irregularities seen. Only with both laryngoscopy for re-liable discrimination and voice parameter analysis for quantitative registration were findings sufficient for assessing laryngeal hyperreactivity.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Neben der bekannten bronchialen und nasalen Hyperreaktivität gibt es auch eine laryngeale Manifestationsform. Eine laryngeale Hyperreagibilität ist durch Inhalation mit Acetylcholinlösung provozierbar. Eine überdurchschnittlich reagierende Larynxschleimhaut zeigt bei laryngoskopischer Beobachtung deutliche Veränderungen in Form von Schleimhautrötungen, Stimmlippenödemen, Veränderungen des Glottisspaltes, vermehrter Schleimproduktion und subglottischen Ödemen. Häufig tritt auch eine qualitative Veränderung der Stimme ein, die stimmsignalanalytisch für eine objektive Bewertung der Reaktionslage der Larynxschleimhaut und der Glottis untersucht wird. Verglichen wird der Einfluß der Veränderungen im Larynx auf Stimmparameter bei Probanden mit und ohne sichtbare laryngeale Hyper-reagibilität. Die Stimmsignalanalyse registriert mit ihren Parametern laryngeale Veränderungen nach Acetylcholininhalation, kann aber wegen funktionaler Stimminstabilitäten und Irregulationen nicht zur alleinigen Beurteilung einer laryngealen Hyperreagibilität verwendet werden, deren sicherer Nachweis nur mit Hilfe der Laryngoskopie gelingt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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