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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nerol: An alarm substance of the stingless bee,Trigona fulviventris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1167-1181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Alarm substance ; nest defense ; nerol ; mandibular gland ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; Meliponinae ; stingless bees ; Trigona fulviventris ; Apiomerus pictipes ; Hemiptera ; Reduviidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bees of the genusTrigona and subgenusTrigona possess volatile materials in their mandibular glands, used as alarm substances and as marking pheromones. Heads of workers ofTrigona fulviventris were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The two major volatile components were nerol (∼ 50%), and octyl caproate (∼ 20%). Relative to other substances tested at a Costa Rican nest, treatments containing 20 μg of nerol attractedT. fulviventris, depressed numbers of bees leaving the nest by about 50%, and elicited wing vibration and biting. The responses were similar to those obtained with the contents of one worker head. Attraction and biting were also seen in response to captures of colony members by assassin bugs (Apiomerus pictipes) outside a nest entrance; one bee responded in about 15% of the captures. This alarm behavior, although weak, is of interest since it was thought thatT. fulviventris was unusual for its subgenus in its lack of nest defense behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990750
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alarm substances of the stingless bee,Trigona silvestriana (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 409-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Alarm substances ; nest defense ; 2-heptanol ; 2-nonanol ; mandibular gland ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; Meliponinae ; stingless bees ; Trigona silvestriana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 2-Nonanol, 2-heptanol, octyl decanoate, and octyl octanoate were identified from the heads ofTrigona silvestriana workers. When presented at the nest, 2-nonanol, 2-heptanol, and the mixture of the four compounds elicited angular flights, landing, and buzzing of guard bees. Octyl octanoate elicited a weaker response. No response was given to octyl decanoate, to the ether solvent, or to the control volatile, vanillin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989552
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testicular function of rats following exposure to microwave radiation (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 4 (1983), S. 107-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: spermatogenesis ; microwave radiation ; germinal tissue ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 6 h per day for nine days to pulse-modulated microwave radiation (1.3 GHz, at 1-μs pulse width, 600 pulses per second). Exposures were carried out in cylindrical waveguide sections at a mean dose rate of 6.3 mW/g; sham controls were treated similarly and received no irradiation. At time periods corresponding to 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 cycles of the seminiferous epithelium, groups of four shamirradiated and four irradiated rats were killed and the testes removed for analysis. Net mass of the testes, epididymides, and seminal vesicles; daily sperm production (DSP) per testis and per gram of testis; sperm morphology; and the number of epididymal sperm were determined. There were no statistically significant differences between the shamirradiated and irradiated groups with respect to any measured variable. In a group of seven surrogate animals of similar body mass, the dose rate of 6.3 mW/g caused a net change in body temperature (via rectal probe) of 1.5 °C.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250040202
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute, whole-body microwave exposure and testicular function of rats (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 8 (1987), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: neurohormones ; testis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 8 h to continuous-wave microwave radiation (MWR, 1.3 Ghz) at a mean specific absorbed dose rate of 9 mW/g. MWR exposure and sham-irradiation took place in unidirectionally energized cylindrical waveguide sections, within which the animals were essentially unrestrained. The MWR treatment in this setting was determined to yield an elevation of deep rectal temperature to 4.5 °C. The animals were taken for analysis at 6.5, 13, 26, and 52 days following treatment, which corresponded to 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 cycles of the seminiferous epithelium. Net mass of testes, epididymides, and seminal vesicles; daily sperm production (DSP) per testis and per gram of testis; and the number of epididymal sperm were determined. The levels of circulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinizing hormone (LH) were derived via radioimmunoassay of plasma samples taken at the time of sacrifice. Despite the evident acute thermogenesis of the MWR at 9 mW/g, no substantial decrement in testicular function was found. We conclude that, in the unrestrained rat, whole body irradiation at 9 mW/g, while sufficient to induce evident hyperthermia, is not a sufficient condition for disruption of any of these key measures of testicular function.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250080106
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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