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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear cytoplasmic domains, microtubules and organelles in microsporocytes of the slipper orchid Cypripedium californicum A. Gray dividing by simultaneous cytokinesis (1996)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 9 (1996), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Cytokinesis ; Microtubules ; Microsporogenesis ; Orchids ; Phragmoplast ; Pollen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microsporocytes of the slipper orchidCypripedium californicum A. Gray divide simultaneously after second meiosis. The organization and apportionment of the cytoplasm throughout meiosis are functions of nuclear-based radial microtubule systems (RMSs) that define domains of cytoplasm - a single sporocyte domain before meiosis, dyad domains within the undivided cytoplasm after first meiosis, and four spore domains after second meiosis. Organelles migrate to the interface of dyad domains in the undivided cytoplasm after first meiotic division, and second meiotic division takes place simultaneously on both sides of the equatorial organelle band. Microtubules emanating from the telophase II nuclei interact to form columnar arrrays that interconnect all four nuclei, non-sister as well as sister. Cell plates are initiated in these columns of microtubules and expand centrifugally along the interface of opposing RMSs, coalescing in the center of the sporocyte and joining with the original sporocyte wall at the periphery to form the tetrad of microspores. Organelles are distributed into the spore domains in conjunction with RMSs. These data, demonstrating that cytokinesis in microsporogenesis can occur in the absence of both components of the typical cytokinetic apparatus (the preprophase band of microtubules which predicts the division site and the phragmoplast which controls cell-plate deposition), suggest that plant nuclei have an inherent ability to establish a domain of cytoplasm via radial microtubule systems and to regulate wall deposition independently of the more complex cytokinetic apparatus of vegetative cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02221394
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollen development in orchids (1991)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 165 (1991), S. 155-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytokinesis ; F-actin ; Microsporogenesis ; Microtubules ; Orchids ; Phragmoplast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cytokinesis in microsporocytes of moth orchids is unusual in that it occurs simultaneously after meiosis, the cytoplasm does not infurrow in the division planes, and cell plates are deposited in association with centrifugal expansion of phragmoplasts. Microtubules radiating from the nuclear envelopes appear to be of fundamental importance in establishment of division planes. Primary interzonal spindles develop between sister nuclei and interaction of radial microtubules triggers development of secondary interzonal spindles between non-sister nuclei. From three to six or more phragmoplasts, depending upon the arrangement of nuclei in the coenocyte, develop from these postmeiotic arrays. The phragmoplasts consist of co-aligned microtubules and F-actin organized into bundles that are broad proximal to the mid-plane and taper distally. Ultrastructure of the phragmoplast/cell plate reveals that abundant ER is associated with vesicle aggregation and coalescence. Cell plates are deposited in association with phragmoplasts as they expand centrifugally to join the parental wall and/or fuse with one another in the interior of the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01322286
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollen development in orchids 1. Cytoskeleton and the control of division plane in irregular patterns of cytokinesis (1991)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 163 (1991), S. 9-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Meiotic cytokinesis ; Microsporogenesis ; Microtubules ; Orchids ; Phragmoplast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The cytokinetic apparatus in microsporogenesis lacks a preprophase band of microtubules and the selection of cytokinetic planes is dependent upon disposition of nuclei which define cytoplasmic domains via post-meiotic radial systems of microtubules. Meiotic cytokinesis was investigated in hybrid moth orchids (Phalaenopsis) exhibiting irregular patterns of cytokinesis. In these polliniate orchids, spindle orientation is imprecise, and the tetrad nuclei (therefore the microspores) may be in rhomboidal, tetrahedral or linear arrangement. The hybrid “Sabine Queen” (section Phalaenopsis) regularly undergoes simultaneous cytokinesis, as is common in orchids. The hybrid “Vista Rainbow” (section Amboinenses) produces either a complete dyad wall, a partial wall, or no wall after first nuclear division. In all cases, a first division phragmoplast is initiated in the interzonal region and expands centrifugally into the peripheral cytoplasm. Fluorescence microscopy shows that the phragmoplast consists of fusiform bundles of microtubules and Factin bisected by a non-fluorescent zone. If a cell plate fails to form, a band of organelles polarized in the equatorial region effectively divides the cell into two domains. The organelles disperse when a dyad wall is complete, but tend to remain polarized around an incomplete wall. In four-nucleate coenocytes, the usual interzonal microtubules between sister nuclei (primary) form slightly in advance of secondary arrays between non-sister nuclei. Phragmoplasts are initiated in sites defined by the post-meiotic microtubule arrays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01323402
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollen development in orchids 4. Cytoskeleton and ultrastructure of the unequal pollen mitosis inPhalaenopsis (1992)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 167 (1992), S. 183-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Endoplasmic reticulum ; F-actin ; Microtubules ; Orchids ; Pollen ; Mitosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The unequal first mitosis in pollen ofPhalaenopsis results in a small generative cell cut off at the distal surface of the microspore and a large vegetative cell. No preprophase band of microtubules is present, but polarization of the microspore prior to this critical division is well marked. A generative pole microtubule system (GPMS) marks the path of nuclear migration to the distal surface, and the organelles become unequally distributed. Mitochondria, plastids and dictyosomes are concentrated around the vegetative pole in the center of the microspore and are almost totally excluded from the generative pole. The prophase spindle is multipolar with a dominant convergence center at the GPMS site. The metaphase spindle is disc-shaped with numerous “minipoles” terminating in broad polar regions. In anaphase, the spindle becomes cone-shaped as the spindle elongates and the vegetative pole narrows. These changes in spindle architecture are reflected in the initial shaping of the telophase chromosome groups. F-actin is coaligned with microtubules in the spindle and is also seen as a network in the cytoplasm. An outstanding feature of orchid pollen mitosis is the abundance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associated with the spindle. ER extends along the kinetochore fibers, and the numerous foci of spindle fibers at the broad poles terminate in a complex of ER.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403382
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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