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  • 1
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The interaction of solvents and of unidentate ligands such as N3-, SCN-, OCN- and OH- with the Co2+-, Ni2+ and Cu2+-complexes of 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (TMC) have been studied by Spectrophotometric and calorimetric techniques. The spectra in different solvents (Table 2) show that the Ni2+- and probably also the Cu2+-complex with TMC exist as square planar or pentacoordinate species or as a mixture of both, depending on the donor properties of the solvent. The [Co(TMC)]2+-complex is pentacoordinate in all the solvents studied.Ternary complexes [M(TMC)X]n+ are also formed by the unidentate ligands X = N3-, OCN-, OH-, F- and NH3 and their stability constants have been determined. Interesting is the high selectivity of [Ni(TMC)]2+ towards the addition of a further donor (Table 3). Only small ligands such as those listed above form stable adducts, whereas the larger ones such as imidazole or pyridine do not. This is a consequence of the special structure of the complex and of the trans-I-(RSRS)- conformation of the ligand in these complexes. Since the four methyl groups are all on the side of the macrocycle to which the additional unidentate ligand binds, steric interaction between the four methyl groups and the larger ligands prevents the formation of the adducts.The calorimetric measurements show that the stability of the complexes [M(TMC)X]n+ is due to both an enthalpic and entropic contribution which differ in their magnitude (Table 4). This indicates that several antagonistic factors are important in determining the overall stability.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: With a modification of the cyclization procedure of Richman & Atkins [8] the two macrocycles 1,4,7-tritosyl-11-benzyl-1,4,7,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (8) and 1,7,11-tritosyl-4-trityl-1,4,7,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (15) were prepared. After selective cleavage of the benzyl and trityl group, respectively, one obtains the two key products 1,4,7-tritosyl-11-benzyl-1,4,7,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (9) and 1,7,11-tritosyl-4-trityl-1,4,7,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (16) which have three N-atoms protected by tosyl groups and one accessible for further reactions.To test some of the possibilities we have alkylated 9 and 16 with iodoacetamide, 1-tosyl-aziridine and acrylonitrile. After detosylation with HBr in glacial acetic acid in the presence of phenol mono-N-functionalized tetraazamacrocycles were thus obtained. The advantage of this synthesis is that the cyclization which is the most difficult step of the whole procedure, has to be done only once, regardless of the nature of the pendant arm. In addition a large number of derivatives can be prepared by varying the alkylation component.With Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ metal complexes of these new ligands were prepared and their IR. and VIS. spectra studied. In the case of the carbamoyl derivatives 12, 14 and 18 the Cu2+-complexes exist in two forms. Whereas at low pH the carboxamide group of the pendant arm is probably not bound to the metal ion, at high pH after deprotonation it coordinates in one of the axial positions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 29-49 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The impetus for this work was the structure of a trinuclear complex with two carbonyl groups showing incipient triple bridging - Cp2Rh3(CO)4-. Its structure, barrier to rotation of one Rh(CO)2- piece vs. the rest of the molecule, and the nature of the bridging carbonyl interaction are analyzed. Isolobal analogies form an interesting connection between this complex and a bridged isomer of the recently synthesized carbene complexes, Cp2Rh2(CO)2CR2, one isomer of Cp2Rh3(CO)3, and hypothetical carbyne complexes Cp2Rh2(CO)2CH+,-. A general bonding model for Cp2Rh2(μ-CO)2X complexes is constructed. The model, rich in geometrical detail, allows minima for the bridging carbonyl groups bending toward and away from the bonded ligand X.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The complexation kinetics of 2,6,9, 13-tetraazatetradecane (1), 1,4,8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (2) and N,N′,N″,N'-tetramethyl-1,4,8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (3) with Ni2+ were studied by the stopped-flow technique in DMSO and DMF. The biomecular rate constants kLNi (Table 2) follow in both solvents the order 1≳2〉3. The similar complexation rates of 1 and 2 in their unprotonated form indicate that for both the open chain and the cyclic ligand the same mechanism holds. By comparison with the solvent exchange the rate determining step of the complexation is the dissociation of the first solvent molecule in the outer-sphere complex. The lower reactivity of 3 is probably due to steric effects.In the case of 2 a second step in the complexation process was observed and explained by a rearrangement of the ligand already coordinated to the metal ion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A series of 12-, 14-, and 16-membered N2S2-macrocycles (9-11 and 19-21) with cis and trans-arrangement of the heteroatoms have been synthesized by high-dilution cyclization and subsequent reduction of the amides with B2H6. With these ligands the corresponding Cu2+-complexes were prepared and their UV/VIS spectra, their electrochemistry and their EPR properties have been studied. Generally three absorption bands at 270-320 nm, 330-370 nm and 530-620 nm can be observed in aqueous solution and these have been assigned to the N→Cu2+ and S→Cu2+ charge-transfer bands and to the d-d* transition, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry in CH3CN shows in all cases a reversible or quasi-reversible Cu2+/Cu+-transition at potentials of 10-480 mV against SHE. The values of g‖ and A‖ obtained from EPR spectra indicate that the geometry of the Cu2+-complex of the 14-membered cis-N2S2-macrocycle is less distorted than that of the other complexes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The two macrocycles 1-(2-aminoethyl)- and 1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-4, 8, 11-trimethyl-1, 4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, 1 and 2, respectively, and their metal complexes with Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ were prepared. The different spectral properties of the complexes with these two ligands can be rationalized by assuming that, in the case of 1, the amino group of the pendant arm is axially coordinated to the metal ion giving a pentacoordinate structure, whereas the dimethylamino group of 2 cannot bind because of sterical hindrance. This is also corroborated by the observation that the complexes of 2 react with unidentate ligands such as N3- and SCN- to give ternary species MLX+, whereas those of 1 do not. This indicates that the complexes of 1 have no free coordination site, their coordination sphere being completely saturated by the five N-atoms of the macrocycle, whereas the complexes of 2 having a vacant site still can add an unidentate ligand.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The complexation of Cu(I) and Cu(II) by a series of 12-, 14- and 16-membered macrocyclic ligands 1-6 containing the N2S2 donor set has been studied potentiometrically, spectrophotometrically and voltammetrically.In the case of Cu(II), mononuclear complexes CuL2+ with stability constants of 1010-1015 are formed. In addition, partially hydrolyzed species Cu(L)OH+ are observed at pH 〉 10 for the 12-membered ligands. For Cu(I), beside the specis CuL+ with stabilities of 1012-1014, the unexpected formation of protonated species CuLH2+ was detected. In contrast to the well-known general trends in coordination chemistry, the stability of these protonated species increases relative to that of the complexes with the neutral ligand when the ring size and concomitantly the distance between neighbouring donor atoms is decreased. From the stability constants of the Cu(I)- and Cu(II)-complexes the redox potentials have been calculated and are compared to the values of E1/2 obtained by cyclic voltammetry. Despite the identical donor set the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox potentials of the complexes are spanning a range of 340 mV or six orders of magnitude in relative stability, reflecting the importance of subtle differences in steric requirements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The protonation and deprotonation rates of the coordinated amide groups in the Cu2+-complexes of 1,8-diamino-3,6-diaza-2,7-octanedione (DED = L) have been studied by stopped-flow techniques. Starting at low pH from Cu2+ and DED the dimeric Cu2L24+-complex, fully formed within the mixing time of the stopped-flow instrument, reacts in two consecutive steps to yield the final product CuLH-2. The rate constants of the forward and backward reactions have been determined and are given in Table 1. The intermediate was identified as Cu2L2H-22+ by measuring its VIS.-absorption spectrum.The rate constants for the interconversion of the amide groups from the O- to the N-coordinated form in the Cu2+-complexes of DED, 2,10-dioxo-1, 4, 8, 11 tetraazaundecane (DANA) and triglycine (TRIGLY) are compared with each other. It is shown that these rate constants are similar, no matter whether the amide group is terminal or internal as long as the rotation is easily possible as is the case in the dimeric species Cu2L24+ and Cu2L2H-22+. However, for CuLH-2 the inter-conversion only takes place after opening of one of the chelate rings in a rapid protonation preequilibrium.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 67 (1984), S. 1868-1877 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The kinetics of the reaction between 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (Cy) and Ni2+ in the presence of series of ligands L = fluoride, acetate, glycolate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, methanetriacetate, 1,3,5-cyclohexanetriacetate, tricarballylate, picolinate, glycinate, iminodiacetate, nitrilotriacetate. N,N′ -ethylenediiminodiacetate, ammonia, pyridine, ethylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine and diethylenetriamine were studied by pH-static and spectrophotometric methods at 25° and I = 0.5. By analysis of the log k/log [L] and/or log k/pH profiles the resolved bimolecular rate constants KCyHnNiLm (Table 3) were determined using a non-linear least-square fitting procedure. Practically for all systems the rate constant KCyHNiL, describing the reaction between the 1:1 Ni2+ complex and the monoprotonated form of the macrocycle, was obtained. In some cases, however, also KCyH2NiL and KCyNiL were found. Since the experimental conditions were choosen so that NiL was mainly formed, the reactivity of NiL2 was generally not measurable. The effect of the number of coordinated donor groups in NiL and of the charge of NiL on KCyHNiL is discussed. Both effects seem to indicate that for the reaction between NiL and CyH+ first bond formation is not the rate-determining step.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The reaction of [(C3Ph3)Ni(PPh3)2]ClO4 with P(CH2CH2PPh2)3(pp3) and NaBPh4 yields the [(C3Ph3)Ni(pp3)]BPh4-complex. After long exposure of the solution of this compound in acetone/butanol to the air a new derivative [(C3Ph3)-Ni(pp2po)]BPh4· 0.5 C4H9OH, where pp2po is (Ph2PCH2CH2)2P(CH2 CH2POPh2), is obtained. Complete X-ray analysis has been carried out for the latter complex: a=18.303 (5); b=29.445 (6), c=13.305 (5) Å, β=112.70 (9)°; space group monoclinic, P21/a, Z=4. Disorder problems were encountered in the refinement of the structure. The best R is 0.093. One of the arms of the parent pp3-molecule, not coordinated to the metal, undergoes oxidation. The Ni-atom, coordinated by the three remaining P-atoms of the ligand, is also linked in a roughly η3-mode to the cyclopropenium ligand. The geometry of the molecule is examined in detail. Extended HMO-calculations were performed to interpret how the variation of P—Ni—P angles affects the bonding between the NiP3- and C3H3-fragments. The conclusion is that the overall energy of the complex may be lowered in spite of a weakening of the Ni-cyclopropenium linkage. Extensions are made to other systems containing a linkage between a metal and a X3-ring (X=P,As).
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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