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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantal detection and homogeneous sensitivity in a pentylenetetrazol discrimination (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Drug discrimination ; Pentylenetetrazol ; Operant behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to discriminate pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 20 mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever operant task. Correct lever presses were reinforced with food under the control of a fixed ratio 10 schedule. In tests of the effect of PTZ dose on level selection, rats selected the PTZ lever in a dose-dependent manner, with peak latency at the approximate ED50 dose (10 mg/kg). Rats usually pressed only the selected lever, regardless of dose, indicating that lever selection was a quantal (or bimodal) function of stimulus intensity. Lever biases observed during training sessions did not predict the performance of individual rats in tests with the ED50 dose. In three independent trials with this intermediate dosage, the rats selecting the PTZ lever varied from trial to trial, suggesting that rats detecting this dose did not form a stable subgroup. The pattern of lever selections across these three trials was not significantly different from that predicted by a model in which all subjects shared the same probability for detecting the drug stimulus. These results demonstrate that lever selection in a two-lever drugdiscrimination task can be quantal in nature, and suggest that rats trained with PTZ, 20 mg/kg, are homogeneous in sensitivity to this stimulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176842
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method to shorten the training phase of drug discrimination (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 93 (1987), S. 435-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Drug discrimination ; Pentylenetetrazol ; Cocaine ; Learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to discriminate “drug” from “no drug” in a two-lever, food-reinforced task. One group was trained with cocaine (10 mg/kg) and a second group was trained with pentylenetetrazol (20 mg/kg). A method designed to shorten the time required for the training phase of drug discrimination experiments was assessed in subgroups for each drug. In one subgroup, single training sessions were conducted daily. In the other subgroup, a second session (either drug or saline) was conducted on days for which the first condition was saline. The training conditions were presented in an irregular sequence, with the same condition occurring in no more than two consecutive sessions. Rats trained by the accelerated method learned the discrimination in fewer days, with no decrement in acquisition per session, suggesting that drug discrimination training can be accomplished more rapidly by reducing inter-session interval.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207231
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Withdrawal from chronic nicotine substitutes partially for the interoceptive stimulus produced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 90 (1986), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Pentylenetetrazol ; Drug dependence ; Withdrawal ; Mecamylamine ; Discrimination ; Diazepam ; Nicotine ; Anxiety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained on an FR10 schedule of food reinforcement to press one lever after pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), 20 mg/kg, IP, and an alternate lever after saline. After acute nicotine, 0.64 mg/kg, SC, 35% of the rats pressed the PTZ-lever. Diazepam, 5 mg/kg, IP, blocked the stimulus produced by PTZ, and mecamylamine, 5 mg/kg, IP, blocked the stimulus produced by nicotine. Training was then suspended and rats were treated with nicotine, at 8-h intervals, 0.64 mg/kg on the 1st day, and 1.25 mg/kg on subsequent days, for 21 days. To determine whether nicotine withdrawal substitutes for the stimulus produced by PTZ, rats were tested with saline at various times after chronic nicotine injections. Data from this part of the study were replicated in another group given nicotine for 15 days. Saline at 8 h after nicotine (five determinations each group) produced a small but stable degree of PTZ lever selection (35±4%). At 48 h after termination of nicotine treatment, the percentage of rats selecting the PTZ lever (50%) was greater than that in a control group tested after an equivalent period without training. The PTZ-like stimulus detected after chronic nicotine was not altered by mecamylamine, was additive with PTZ, and was blocked by diazepam. These data suggest that withdrawal from chronic nicotine produces a weak PTZ-like stimulus, which can be antagonized by an anxiolytic drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172876
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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