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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 30 (1975), S. 133-145 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Aerial photography ; Africa ; Grassland ; Permanent plots ; Soil nutrients ; Tanzania ; Vegetation mosaic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In den Serengeti Plains (Serengeti National Park, Tanzania) wurde 1972 auf fünf Dauerprobeflächen das kleinräumige Vegetationsmosaik nach der Methode Zürich-Montpellier aufgenommen, gegliedert und mit Hilfe von Luftbildern kartiert. Zwei Dauerprobeflächen im Nordwesten der Serengeti Plains wurden demPennisetum mezianum-Grasland (long grassland) zugeordnet. Es ist besonders durch hohe Obergräser charakterisiert, wobei im kleinräumigen Vegetationsmosaik aus vier bzw. fünf Vegetationseinheiten innerhalb dieser Dauerprobeflächen Artenkombination, Bewuchshöhe und Deckungsgrad auf engem Raum rasch wechseln können. Im zentralen Teil der Serengeti Plains liegen zwei Dauerprobeflächen imAndropogon greenwayi-Grasland (intermediate grassland).Andropogon greenwayi dominiert bei hohen Nährstoff-Konzentrationen im Oberboden mit einer dichten, niedrigen Grasnarbe, reagiert aber auf kleinräumige edaphische Unterschiede sehr empfindlich und schafft so ein besonders markantes Vegetationsmosaik aus drei bzw. vier Vegetationseinheiten. Relativ homogen ist dagegen die Vegetation der Dauerprobefläche desSporobolus verdcourtii-Graslandes (short grassland) im Südosten des Serengeti Nationalparks. Hier konnten nur zwei Vegetationseinheiten unterschieden werden. Chemische Bodenuntersuchungen zeigen, da§ sowohl die gro§räumige als auch die kleinräumige Vegetationsgliederung stark mit edaphischen Bedingungen korreliert ist. Auf Grund des unterschiedlichen vulkanischen Einflusses (Mächtigkeit und Alter der kalkhaltigen Ascheablagerungen) und der Niederschlagsverteilung ergibt sich in den Serengeti Plains ein Nordwest-Südost-Gradient: hohe Niederschläge und geringe vulkanische Ascheablagerungen sind imPennisetum mezianum-Grasland, geringe Niederschläge und mächtige Ascheablagerungen mit hoher Salinität und Alkalinität sind für die Böden imSporobolus verdcourtii-Grasland charakteristisch. Diesen Ausgangsbedingungen entspricht auch ein unterschiedliches Stickstoff- und Kohlenstoff-Niveau im Oberboden der einzelnen Dauerprobeflächen, das dann kleinräumig noch weiter stark differenziert ist. So lassen sich die Pflanzenarten der Serengeti Plains entsprechend ihrem Verhalten gegenüber den Nährstoff-Konzentrationen im Boden in sechs Gruppen einteilen und als Indikatoren für die Nährstoff-Versorgung bzw. die allgemeinen chemischen Bodenbedingungen verwenden.
    Notes: Summary During 1972 the vegetation mosaic within five plots located representatively within the Serengeti Plains (Serengeti National Park, Tanzania) was described by the Z:urich-Montpellier method and mapped with the aid of aerial photographs. Two plots, in the northwestern Serengeti Plains, belong to thePennisetum mezianum-grassland type. The vegetation mosaic of these plots (comprising four and five vegetation units respectively) is marked by rapid changes over short distances in species composition, height and degree of cover of the herb layer. Two plots in the central Serengeti Plains are dominated by a low dense cover ofAndropogon greenwayi-grassland. These plots show heterogeneity in soil conditions and a marked vegetation mosaic comprising three and four vegetation units respectively on the basis of varying responses of the leading species. One plot in the southeastern Serengeti Plains, which is dominated bySporobolus verdcourtii-grassland, is relatively homogenous. Only two vegetation units were distinguished here. Chemical analysis shows that soil factors influence the occurrence of vegetation zones over large areas as well as the pattern of the vegetation mosaic within the relatively small study plots. The Serengeti Plains are characterized by a northwest-southwest gradient of environmental factors which control soil conditions. High rainfall and thin deposits of volcanic tuffs influence soil characteristics which supportPennisetum mezianum-grassland. The soil ofSporobolus verdcourtii-grassland, however, is influenced by low rainfall and thick deposits of volcanic tuffs which have high levels of salinity and alkalinity. These broadly defined site conditions show correspondingly different levels of carbon and nitrogen. The influence of these two chemical factors is also reflected in the nature of vegetation mosaic within each study plot. It is possible to ecologically classify the plant species into six groups based on nutrient requirement levels. These groups can be used as indicators for nutrient supply as well as for general chemical conditions of the soils of the plant communities which were studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 36 (1978), S. 105-113 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Nitrogen mineralization ; Old-field vegetation ; Permanent plots ; Soil nutrients ; Vegetation dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Starting in 1968 plant succession and nitrogen status in the top soil of an old field was investigated. The soil is a calcareous loam which was sterilized by heating. In the absence of human influence distinct successional stages with characteristic floristical and physiognomical features were observed. During the first six years vegetational development was characterized by competition between therophytes and hemicryptophytes. Agricultural treatments such as annual ploughing (spring, summer) and cutting (autumn) were found to change the trend of the succession. Five years after starting the experiment total nitrogen content in the top soil of the control area had increased slightly, while the ploughed plots persisted in their low values. A comparison of the nitrogen mineralisation between 1970 and 1974 showed decreasing amounts of mineral nitrogen in the later stage (1970: 67 kg Nmin/ha/30 weeks; 33 kg Nmin/ha/30 weeks). On the other hand, mineral nitrogen supply on the ploughed plots was not significantly different after the five-years-period. It is suggested that in old-field vegetation the external nitrogen cycle of the early therophyte stage changed to an internal one when long-lived hemicryptophytes, rhizome- and root-budding geophytes became dominant. Tables 1 to 4 show the vegetation development under different treatments; the figures represent average cover values per vegetation season using Londo's (1975) scale. Table 5 contains the total nitrogen concentration values in the uppermost of 10 cm of mineral soil, and Table 6 lists the values for soil volume, mean soil temperatures, average water content, and mineral nitrogen supplies for 1970 and 1974.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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