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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Liposomes ; Alkylphosphocholine ; Pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC) shows remarkable antineoplastic efficacy in Sprague-Dawley rats bearing methylnitrosourea-induced mammary carcinoma. Unfortunately, this is accompanied by detrimental side effects that include gastrointestinal damage, body weight loss, and thrombophlebitis after i.v. injection, which has precluded the use of the HePC in humans, where nausea and vomiting can occur at noneffective dose levels. We have developed small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) composed of HePC, cholesterol, and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, which can be given p. o. and i.v. In contrast to the free drug, the toxicity of liposomal HePC is shown to be greatly reduced, and there is no risk of thrombophlebitis. Single administration of equimolar HePC doses results in differing pharmacokinetic values for free HePC (p. o.) and HePC-SUVs (p. o., i.v.).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 14 (1988), S. 236-237 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Hemofiltration ; Flecainide ; Atrial fibrillation ; Pharmacokinetics ; Renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Flecainide, a new antiarrhythmic drug, has been shown not no be removed to a significant extent by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, in spite of a high renal clerance. Its systemic and hemofiltrate clearances, measured in a patient under continuous hemofiltration, were 402 and 19.7 ml/min respectively. The clearance ratio of less than 5% makes the contribution of hemofiltration to the elimination of flecainide clinically negligeable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Cytochrom P450 ; Pharmakokinetik ; Selek- tive Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer ; Genetischer Polymorphismus ; Interaktionen ; Key words Cytochrome P450 ; Pharmacokinetics ; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ; Gemetic polymorphism ; Drug interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Nearly all psychotropic drugs are metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450-enzymes. In humans, there are 5 isoenzymes involved in this process. The activity of these enzymes can be modulated by a number of commonly used drugs, yielding potentially hazardous interactions. Most of the recently introduced selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are potent inhibitors of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Thus, the plasma concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants or clozapine might be elevated into toxic levels. In contrast, carbamazepine induces most of the isoenzymes. This potentiates the elimination of tricyclics and antipsychotics and might cause a serious risk for the reccurence of depressive or psychotic symptoms. Moreover, 5–10% of the population are slow metabolizers of CYP2D6. This group is prone to increased adverse effects of moderately dosed medication. This review systematically points out the reported or predicted pharmacokinetic drug interactions in psychopharmacology focussing on clinical significance.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fast alle Psychopharmaka werden durch die Cytochrom-P450-Enzyme der Leber abgebaut. Beim Menschen sind mindestens 5 Isoenzyme für diesen Prozeß verantwortlich. Diese können in jeweils unterschiedlichem Umfang durch eine Reihe von Medikamenten in ihrer Aktivität beeinflußt werden. Bei gleichzeitiger Anwendung mehrerer Substanzen kann es durch diesen Mechanismus zu Wechselwirkungen mit potentiell ernsten Folgen kommen. So inhibieren die meisten der selektiven Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer P450-Enzyme und können dadurch z.B. die Plasmakonzentrationen von trizyklischen Antidepressiva in toxische Bereiche heben. Carbamazepin hingegen induziert viele der Isoenzyme; durch den schnelleren Abbau von Trizyklika oder Neuroleptika können zu geringe Konzentrationen dieser Substanzen resultieren und Rezidive von Depressionen oder Psychosen ausgelöst werden. Überdies weisen aufgrund eines genetischen Polymorphismus 5–10% der Bevölkerung eine geringere Aktivität des Isoenzyms CYP2D6 auf und reagieren deshalb mit verstärkten Nebenwirkungen auf übliche Dosierungen vieler Pharmaka. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird systematisch auf pharmakokinetische Interaktionen im Bereich der Psychopharmakologie hingewiesen, die bisher berichtet wurden oder zu befürchten sind. Besonderer Wert wird dabei auf die klinische Signifikanz solcher Ergebnisse gelegt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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