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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The photo- and electroinitiated polymerization of N-vinyl phthalimide (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 1153-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To elucidate mechanisms in electroinitiated polymerization reactions a comparison was conducted between ultraviolet (UV) photoinitiation and electroinitiation of N-vinyl phthalimide with zinc chloride as a catalyst. Both methods give low yields of a complex polymer product. A detailed analysis, infrared (IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), elemental, and molecular weight, conducted on the polymeric products, indicated that phthalimide ring opening was occurring and that complex mixtures of poly(N-vinyl phthalimide) derivatives were formed. Both initiation methods gave comparable results, which further indicated mechanistic similarity between photo-and electroinitiation in these donor-acceptor charge transfer polymerizations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170419
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electropolymerization of aminophthalic acids. I. Polymerization of 4-aminophthalic acid (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 14 (1976), S. 1137-1150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4-Aminophthalic acid has been polymerized in almost quantitative yield to low molecular weight polymer by electrochemical initiation at a platinum anode. Systems involving the acid, amine salt, and the ammonium salt have been explored; the acid and/or the amine salt of the acid provides the best means of obtaining polymer. Maximum molecular weight is attained in a very short time at low current densities (∼2 hr at 50 mA). Thermogravimetric data indicate a temperature stability comparable to polyamide-imide polymers (400°C). Long reaction times and high current densities decrease molecular weight and polymer yield.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1976.170140511
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electropolymerization of aminophthalic acids. II. Polymerization of 4-(4′-aminobenzamido)-, 4-(2′-aminobenzoyl)-, and 4-(3′-aminobenzoyl) phthalic acid (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 14 (1976), S. 1151-1156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrochemical polymerization of the amino phthalic acid series has been extended to the following derivatives: 4-(4′-aminobenzamido), 4-(2′-aminobenzoyl), and 4-(3′-aminobenzoyl)phthalic acid. Reactions were performed in both dimethylacetamide and ethanol. Both systems produced a film deposit at the anode which was identified as the amide acid of the starting material. Conversion by heat to the imide produced a brittle coating. Inherent viscosity measurements indicate that only low molecular weight material was formed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1976.170140512
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroinitiated polymerization of 2-vinylnaphthalene (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 1563-1571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As part of a program to extend the range of donor-acceptor-initiated polymerization processes, the electroinitiation of 2-vinylnaphthalene in a zinc chloride-sulfolane solution has been studied. Good conversion yields of well-characterized (NMR, IR, GPC, elemental analysis) poly(vinylnaphthalene) were obtained with the process showing several mechanistic similarities to other donor-acceptor salt electropolymerization systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170150704
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemically initiated polymerization of styrene with tetraalkyl and -aryl group VA halide support electrolytes (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 1555-1562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrochemically initiated polymerization of styrene in methylene chloride solvent with the use of platinum electrodes and tetraalkyl and -aryl group VA halides (i.e., quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and arsonium compounds) as electrolyte has been investigated. The order of reactivity of the electrolytes with respect to polymerization rate and initiation efficiency was found to be: arsonium 〉 phosphonium 〉 ammonium. Mechanisms involving the electroreduction of the group VA quaternary halides to species capable of electroinitiating polymerization are postulated. The observed losses in solution conductivities during polymerization with the quaternary phosphonium and arsonium electrolytes indicate possible interaction between the initiating radical-ionic species and the supporting electrolyte. In an attempt to further elucidate the mechanism of initiation in these systems, a separate series of experiments, employing the nonpolymerizing monomer, 1,1-diphenylethylene, has been carried out.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170150703
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoinitiation and electroinitiation in the polymerization of 2-vinylnaphthalene (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 2673-2684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The zinc chloride-catalyzed polymerization of 2-vinylnaphthalene (VN) with both photoinitiation and electronitiation methods was examined. Good yields were obtained with both methods, the electroinitiated process being somewhat faster. The mechanism for polymerization initiation was investigated through a detailed comparison of the kinetics. Both initiation methods show a similar response to increasing input energy and to change in salt to monomer mole ratio. Both methods indicate formation of a ZnCl2-(2-VN)2 complex as intermediate with the formation of the species being rate-determining. These results, together with other similar investigations, are then used to deduce a mechanism that involves the formation of an electronically excited donor-acceptor complex. It is argued that in certain salt-stabilized, electron-delocalized, aromatic systems, such excitation is possible in electroinitiation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170151112
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photooxidation of polybutadiene: Quenching of excited triplet states of αβ-unsaturated carbonyls (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 1711-1720 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The quenching of the triplet states of several model αβ-unsaturated ketones and that produced by thermal oxidation of polybutadiene by the triplet quencher cyclooctadiene at low temperatures has been studied by quantum yield and phosphorescence decay-time methods. Both the Perrin and Inokuti-Hirayama relationships were tested and a typical exchange interaction distance for half-quenching of R0 = 12 ± 1 Å was obtained for both models on all compounds studied.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170613
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of styrene and diethyl fumarate with zinc bromide. V. Electroinitiated copolymerization at high current strengths (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 1867-1879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electroinitiated copolymerization of styrene and diethyl fumarate in methanol solvent with zinc bromide as electrolyte has been investigated at high current strengths (200-500 mA). Unlike the copolymerization behavior observed at lower current strengths (〈 200 mA), it is found that the cathodically produced copolymers deviate from a 1:1 composition and show a significant deficiency in styrene. The copolymer products can be separated into two well-defined fractions: a toluene-soluble fraction (normal copolymer) and a toluene-insoluble one (styrene-deficient copolymer). These deviations in copolymer composition from a 1:1 monomer ratio are attributed to the occurrence of cathodically induced electroreductive hydrolysis side reactions with diethyl fumarate leading to the formation of carboxylate or acid salt species. Reaction of these hydrolyzed species with diethyl fumarate results in the formation of fumarate-rich copolymers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.170110809
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electrochemical route to phenol-formaldehyde precursors (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 1193-1202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: With the aid of VPC and NMR, the electroinitiated polymerization of phenol or p-tert-butyl phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of basic electrolytes has been investigated over a range of current densities. Results from an electroinitiation study were contrasted with base-catalyzed thermal polymerizations and, except for yield, found to be essentially invariant. GPC of the electroinitiated and thermally polymerized resins indicates similar results with low molecular weight species of relatively narrow molecular weight distribution being the principal products. An electroinitiation mechanism, in agreement with the mechanism for base-catalyzed thermal polymerization is proposed to describe these experimental results.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170120606
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroinitiated polymerization of arylvinyl monomers (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 1411-1418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electroinitiated polymerizations of styrene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, and 9-vinylanthracene were compared in sulfolane and acetone solvents in the presence of ZnCl2. The relative orders of polymerization rates and polymerization efficiencies, in both solvents, were 9-vinylanthracene 〉 2-vinylnaphthalene 〉 styrene, with faster rates and higher efficiencies occurring in sulfolane. Data obtained from viscosity and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) studies indicate that the molecular weights of the polymers produced in these systems are extremely low, 〈5000. Chemical composition and infrared (IR) spectral data suggest that abnormal transfer reactions (possibly from solvent) may be occurring in the electroinitiated 9-vinylanthracene polymerizations. The polymerization mechanism appears to be cationic in these monomer-solvent systems with ZnCl2.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170515
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