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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atoms to astronomy: Computer graphics at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (1986)
    Springer
    The visual computer 2 (1986), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2315
    Keywords: Education ; Animation ; Computer graphics ; Physics ; Solar system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Within the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, state of the art computer graphics animation is done in the Computer Graphics Laboratory. The topics of the animations cover many scientific disciplines. Specific features of the system developed there, both hardware and software, are discussed. The prime mover of the effort is Dr. James F. Blinn of Pasadena; his role and experiences are elaborated. Their current largest project is The Mechanical Universe; the system is used for its production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01900326
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface mobility and diffusion at interfaces of polystyrene in the vicinity of the glass transition (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 567-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: surface ; interfaces ; diffusion ; polystyrene ; polyphenylene oxide ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Symmetric polydisperse (Mw = 23 × 104, Mw/Mn = 2.84) and monodisperse (Mw = 21 × 104, Mw/Mn 〈 1.05) polystyrene (PS), and asymmetric polydisperse PS/poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) interfaces have been bonded in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PS. In a lap-shear joint geometry, strength develops in all cases with time to the fourth power, which indicates that it is diffusion controlled. Strength developing at short times at the polydisperse PS/PS interface, at 90°C, is higher than that at the monodisperse interface, at 92°C (at Tg - 13°C in both cases), presumably due to the contribution of the low molecular weight species. The decrease of strength at the PS/PPO interface when the bonding temperature decreases from 113 to 70°C, i.e., from Tg + 10°C to Tg - 33°C of the bulk PS, indicates a high molecular mobility at the surface as compared to that in the bulk, and can be expressed by a classical diffusion equation, which is valid above Tg (of the surface layer). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 567-572, 1998
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymers and elastomers with alternating dioxysilphenylene and silane units (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 319-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copolymers with alternating dioxysilphenylene and diorganosilane units were investigated as a source of high-temperature elastomers for the aerospace industry. A copolymer with dimethylsilane units alternating with dioxysilphenylene had a glass transition temperature of -63°C and exceptional thermal stability; a polymer with diphenylsilane units alternating with dioxysilphenylene had a glass transition temperature of 0°C and slightly higher thermal stability. Both were cured to elastomers at room temperature with ethyl silicate in combination with dibutyltin diacetate. Both had tensile strengths (ultimate) above 4000 psi even without reinforcing fillers. Reinforced elastomers of the dimethyl copolymer had tensile strengths (ultimate) up to 16,000 psi.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.170110201
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced polymerization at high pressure of cis- and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene in bulk and with tetrafluoroethylenePresented in part at the 164th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, August 1972. (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 1973-1984 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The radiation-induced polymerization of cis- and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene in bulk and with tetrafluoroethylene was studied at pressures between 5000 and 15000 atm and temperatures between 21 and 100°C. At 103 rad/hr the homopolymerization rates range from about 10-4 to 1%/hr. The activation enthalpy and volume are about 8 kcal/mole (33 kJ/mole) and -10 cm3/mole, respectively, for both isomers. The cis isomer polymerizes about twice as rapidly as the trans isomer. The latter freezes in the experimental range of temperature and pressure; the polymerization rate is very low in solid phase. Polymer intrinsic viscosities increase with polymerization pressure and decrease with polymerization temperature; the largest value obtained was 0.23 dl/g. In the copolymerizations all reactivity ratios favor incorporation of tetrafluoroethylene by factors of 6-16. The preference is stronger when the trans isomer is used.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.170110818
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The radiation-induced copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and styrene at high pressure (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 759-768 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The radiation-induced copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (A) and styrene (B) was studied in bulk and in perfluorotoluene at 22°C at autogenous pressure and 260 and 510 MPa. The reactivity ratio for addition to A-ended radicals, rA, is effectively zero at the two lower pressures and is in the range 0.002-0.008 at 510 MPa. The other reactivity ratio, rB, is 6 at autogenous pressure and also at 260 and 510 MPa if the A content of the charge is less than 50%. If the A content is greater than 95%, rB appears to be 100 at pressures of 260 and 510 MPa. The apparent variation in rB cannot be explained by invoking a penultimate unit effect for B-ended radicals. Polymerization rates scatter somewhat, but all rates are quite small when the A content of the charge is in the range 95-99.8%. Polymers containing as much as 66% A appear to be inherently benzene soluble but frequently contain some gel because of radiation-induced crosslinking after their formation. No very high polymers were formed that contained more than a few percent A, even at high pressure. Features that complicated the study were immiscibility of the liquid monomers, extreme variation of the monomer - copolymer compatibility with charge composition, and freezing of B at high pressure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170313
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation, characterization, and porperties of optically active poly(α-methyl-α-ethyl-β-propiolactones) (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 1781-1793 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: S(-) and R(+) enantiomers of α-methyl-α-ethyl-β-propiolactone (MEEPL) were prepared in an eight-step synthesis with respective optical purities of 99 and 97% determined by 1H-NMR (250 MHz) spectroscopy. Polymers (PMEPL) of different enatiomeric compositions were prepared with an anionic-type initiator. Substantial differences in physical properties were observed between the racemic and optically pure polymers; for example, the melting point of the latter is 42°C higher than that of the former. Chiroptical properties of PMEPLs are reported. The 13C-NMR (100.62 MHz) spectra of the polymers indicated that the distribution of configurational units in the macromolecular chain is random.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170190717
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluorostyrene at high pressurePresented at the 168th Meeting, American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, N.J., September 8-13, 1974. (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 13 (1975), S. 1677-1689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrafluoroethylene (A) and 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluorostyrene (B) were irradiated at 15°C at autogenous pressure by use of 30-92 mole-% A and at 5000 atm by use of 42-99.9 mole-% A. The high-pressure results indicate that the reactivity ratio rA for monomer addition to A-ended radicals is 0.005; the other reactivity ratio rB appears to vary from 15 to 60 generally increasing with the A content of the charge. At autogenous pressure rA is small, but a precise determination is not possible because of the very low polymerization rate when the A content of the charge is high. However, if rA is less than 0.01, then values of rB vary from 15 to 50, again generally increasing with the A content of the charge. Mixtures of A and B exhibit positive deviations from Raoult's Law. Activity coefficients were measured at autogeneous pressure and used in an attempt to correct rB for the nonideality of solution. The range of rB was reduced only slightly to 8-27, and charges with high A contents now generally gave low values of rB; consequently, this approach was not regarded as a success. Another attempt was made to account for the apparent variation in rB by ascribing influence to the penultimate units of the radicals. Improved agreement between theoretical and observed compositions resulted, but significant discrepancies remained unexplained. Rate data agreed well with those calculated from a theoretical copolymer rate equation using values of rA and rB of 0.0045 and 40, respectively. The equation predicts an almost proportional decrease in rate with increasing proportions of A in the charge from 0 to 99 mole-% A.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.170130718
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyarylaminophosphazene copolymersPresented in part at the AMMRC Technology Assessment and Planning Conference on Phosphazene and Phosphazene High Polymers, Watertown, Mass., May 1975 and at the 170th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, III., August 1975. For a preliminary account of this work, see White et al.1 (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 1169-1178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of polyarylaminophosphazene copolymers have been prepared and are described. In each preparation, two arylamines were allowed to competitively react with polydichlorophosphazene, and the substituent ratios of the resulting copolymers, determined by high-temperature 1H-NMR spectroscopy, generally reflect expected steric and electronic effects on the relative reactivities of the arylamines studied. The copolymers have intrinsic viscosities of 0.64-1.25 dl/g, glass transition temperatures of 75-104°C, and decomposition temperatures of 220-260°C. These properties, which are comparable to those of polyarylaminophosphazene homopolymers, are discussed in regard to what they may reflect about the structure of the polymers.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170150514
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Henry's law and diffusion constants of vinyl chloride in poly(vinyl chloride) at high temperature (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 2623-2639 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Henry's law and diffusion constants of vinyl chloride in poly(vinyl chloride) were determined at temperatures of 24, 90, 120, 150, and 170°C for weight fractions of vinyl chloride between 0.2 × 10-3 and 0.8 × 10-3. Above 90°C, Henry's law applies; values of the constant increase with temperature from 1.8 × 102 to 5.5 × 102 atm per unit weight fraction of dissolved vinyl chloride. The heat of desorption is about 15 kJ/mole. At 24°C, the nominal Henry's law constant was smaller than would have been obtained by extrapolating the values found at higher temperature. The diffusion constants increase with temperature from about 2 × 10-13 to 3 × 10-7 cm2/sec. The activation energy for diffusion is about 110 kJ/mole between 90 and 170°C. Although all values were determined in the absence of air, it is likely that they apply to polymer in air. They may, therefore, be used to calculate the vinyl chloride content in the gas above poly(vinyl chloride) under specific processing conditions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170151108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of miscible epoxy/acrylic interpenetrating polymer networks (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 3827-3842 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three series of epoxy/acrylic interpenetrating polymer networks were prepared by the simultaneous polymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, crosslinked with an aliphatic diamine, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A dimethacrylate, bisphenol A dimethacrylate, and diethoxy bisphenol A dimethacrylate. Under the conditions provided it is believed that the two networks form simultaneously but independently. Differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric measurements indicate that these polymer networks are miscible because they exhibit a single, sharp glass transition temperature, the values of which, however, are lower than predicted by the law of mixture. This decrease may be due in part to the dilution of one network by the other and to the resulting breakage of intramolecular interactions. It is also due, in part or in whole, to the presence of solvent and/or monomer impurities that act as plasticizers.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170221220
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