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  • 1
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Transforming growth factor α ; Antisense phosphodiester oligonucleotide ; Radioiodine labelling ; Biodistribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Watson-Crick base pairing rule provides the underlying principle for the antisense (AS) approach to inhibiting gene expression. Transforming growth factor α (TGFα) was the first growth factor to be associated with tumorigenesis, thus making the TGFα (mRNA) a potential target for AS therapy and offering the potential for monitoring of the progression of malignancy by non-invasive imaging with radiolabelled AS phosphodiester. Probe labelling and biodistribution were studied in the present report. A 23-mer oligonucleotide sequence was synthesized and grafted in 5′ with a tyramine group which was further radioiodinated. The radiolabelled AS was injected intratumorally in mammary tumour-bearing BALB/c mice (3 weeks after inoculation of 7·106 NS2T2A mammary cells). Biodistribution was monitored by sequential scintigraphy and organ radioactivity after autopsy. The 5′ tyramine group allowed specific and stable radiolabelling of the AS with125I. The125I AS oligonucleotide was rapidly cleared from the tumour by intestine and kidneys. Four hours after intratumoral injection, 6.5%±1.5% of the dose was retained in the tumour as non-degraded125I AS. It is concluded that 5′ tyraminylated AS provides information on the biodistribution of AS oligonucleotide following intratumoral injection. These data will contribute to the pharmacology of AS oligonucleotides which can be used for therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 70 (1995), S. 541-544 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; Children ; Physiological evaluation ; Lactate threshold
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the anaerobic threshold of children by the analysis of saliva collected during field tests. A group of 25 children (mean age, 10.5 years) performed an incremental exercise test on a track, consisting of 4-min stages at increasing running velocities. Before each test (at rest) and at the end of each stage, both blood (via finger pricks) and saliva samples (for measurement of salivary concentrations of Na+ and Cl−) were collected to determine lactate threshold (Th1a-) and saliva threshold (Thsa), respectively. There were no significant differences between values of Th1a- and Thsa when expressed either as running velocity [mean Th1a-, 10.73 (SD 1.96) km · h−1; mean Thsa, 10.89 (SD 1.69) km · h−1] or heart rate [Th1a-, 182(SD 14) beats · min−1 Thsa 183 (SD 11) beats · min−1]. In addition, correlations between Thsa and Th1a were high, when both values were expressed as running velocity in kilometres per hour (r = 0.89;P 〈 0.001), or heart rate in beats per minute (r = 0.90;P 〈 0.001). In conclusion, these findings suggested that saliva analysis would be a valid method for anaerobic threshold determination in field tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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