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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of biomedical science 3 (1996), S. 365-378 
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Keywords: Retroviral vectors ; Gene therapy ; Stem cells ; Transcription ; Silence ; Inactivation ; Integration site ; Position effects ; Methylation ; Primer-binding site
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although retroviral vector systems have been found to efficiently transduce a variety of cell types in vitro, the use of vectors based on murine leukemia virus in preclinical models of somatic gene therapy has led to the identification of transcriptional silencing in vivo as an important problem. Extinction of long-term vector expression has been observed after implantation of transduced hematopoietic cells as well as fibroblasts, myoblasts and hepatocytes. Here we review the influence of vector structure, integration site and cell type on transcriptional silencing. While down-regulation of proviral transcription is known from a number of cellular and animal models, major insight has been gained from studies in the germ line and embryonal cells of the mouse. Key elements for the transfer and expression of retroviral vectors, such as the viral transcriptional enhancer and the binding site for the tRNA primer for reverse transcription may have a major influence on transcriptional silencing. Alterations of these elements of the vector backbone as well as the use of internal promoter elements from housekeeping genes may contribute to reduce transcriptional silencing. The use of cell culture and animal models in the testing and improvement of vector design is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 397-398 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 38 (1987), S. 155-156 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: As a prerequisite for investigations on thermal stability of PVC the content of isolated and conjugated double bonds as well as keto chloroallylic groups were evaluated. The influence of this anomalous structures in PVC on stability was investigated by isothermal and non-isothermal measurements of the rate of dehydrochlorination. The results indicate that only keto chloroallylic groups cause an effective increase of the rate of initiation.
    Notes: Als wesentliche Voraussetzung für Untersuchungen zur thermischen Stabilität von PVC wurde der Gehalt an isolierten und konjugierten Doppelbindungen sowie Ketochlorallylgruppen quantitativ bestimmt. Die Beurteilung des Einflusses dieser Defektstrukturen der Polymerkette erfolgte durch Messung des Dehydrochlorierungsverlaufes unter isothermen und nichtisothermen Bedingungen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß lediglich Ketochlorallylgruppen effektiv eine erhöhte Initiierungsgeschwindigkeit bewirken.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 40 (1989), S. 418-419 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 151-152 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion Testing of Paints with the Aid of AerosolsIt is well known that opinions differ considerably about the value and usefulness of accelerated tests. On the other hand, it has been proved that the use of genuine aerosols for the corrosion testing of protective paints offers advantages as the testing technique is derived from the salt spray test. Spraying is not carried out by means of jets bat with the aid of suitably constructed aerosol as is used, for instance, in air conditioning. A 0,05 % solution of NaCl with a CO2 addition of 1 litre/hour is recommended as test medium. The corrosion test can be intensified by adding aggressive gases like CO2, HCl, NH3 and SO2.
    Notes: Bekanntlich gehen die Ansichten über Wert und Zweckmäßigkeit von Kurzzeitprüfungen stark auseinander. Dagegen ist erwiesen, daß die Verwendung echter Aerosole für die Korrosionsprüfung von Schutzanstrichen Vorteile bietet, wobei das Prüfverfahren den Methoden des Salzsprühtestes entstammt. Hierbei wird von einer Versprühung mit Düsen abgesehen und ein entsprechend konstruierter Aerosolapparat verwendet, wie er z. B. für die Raumlufterzeugung verwendet wird. Als Prüfmittel wird eine 0,05%-ige NaCl-Lösung mit einem CO2-Zusatz von 1 l/h empfohlen. Durch aggressive Gase wie CO2, HCl, SO2, NH3 läßt sich die Korrosionsprüfung verschärfen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 202-203 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Based on experimentaldata of the change of the distribution of polyenes during thermal degradation of PVC the kinetics of the formation of polyenes was investigated. The degradation process is interpreted to proceed by a zipper mechanism. The kinetic data of the reaction steps initiation, propagation and termination were calculated.
    Notes: Die Kinetik der Polyenbildung beim thermischen Abbau von PVC wurde auf der Grundlage experimenteller Daten der Änderung der Polyenverteilung während des Abbauprozesses untersucht. Die Interpretation erfolgte unter der Annahme eines Reißverschlußmechanismus, für dessen Teilreaktionen  -  Initiierung, Fortpflanzung und Abbruch des Polyenwachstums  -  die entsprechenden kinetischen Parameter ermittelt wurden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 63-64 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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