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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2)
  • Pulmonary circulation  (2)
  • adenosine deaminase  (2)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Haemoconcentration ; Haemodilution ; Pressure-flow relationship ; Pulmonary circulation ; Pulmonary vascular flow resistance ; Pulmonary vascular hypertension
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objective: Pulmonary vascular flow resistance depends on blood viscosity, mainly due to haematocrit, and on vessel dimensions determining blood volume in this highly compliant vascular bed. We, therefore, evaluated the interaction between haematocrit, blood flow, and transpulmonary vascular pressure gradient under conditions of controlled pulmonary blood volume. Design: Experimental study in isolated zone-III rabbit lungs perfused with autologous blood. Setting: Laboratory for experimental studies. Interventions: Stepwise and independent variation of flow (50, 100, and 200 ml/min), pulmonary blood volume (increments of 2.5 ml and 5 ml imposed by changes of left atrial pressure), and haematocrit (0–50 %) varied by haemodilution (Krebs-Henseleit/albumin) or haemoconcentration (centrifugation). Measurements: Pulmonary arterial, left atrial, and airway pressures as well as reservoir volume (reflecting reciprocal changes of lung blood volume) and lung weight. Results: Haemodilution from the normal haematocrit (32 %) to 10 % at constant pulmonary blood volume and flow decreased flow resistance only slightly, whereas haemoconcentration (50 %) increased flow resistance up to 130 %. At the same time increments of in pulmonary blood volume of 2.5 and 5 ml (approx. 15 and 30 % of normal pulmonary blood volume) at constant haematocrit significantly shifted downwards pressure-flow relationships for all investigated haematocrits (0–50 %). Conclusions: Because of the multiple interrelationships between haematocrit, blood flow and pulmonary blood volume, haematocrit effects on pulmonary flow resistance and pressure-flow relationships in the pulmonary vasculature should be studied at controlled blood volume. While haemodilution only has minor effects, haemoconcentration changes pressure-flow relationships markedly. Pulmonary blood volume has a major impact on slope and position of pressure-flow relationships for all haematocrits investigated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Isolated rabbit lung ; Haematocrit ; Haemoconcentration ; Haemodilution ; Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction ; Pulmonary blood volume ; Pulmonary circulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objective: Erythrocytes influence the magnitude of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery pressure increase. It is, however, unknown to what extent haemoconcentration and haemodilution affect this response and whether intrapulmonary blood volume (and thus vessel dimensions) alters the magnitude of pressure increase. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the haemodilution/haemoconcentration-dependent pressure increase is flow-related, via flow-dependent changes in vasomotor tone or rheologic effects, or can also be observed under no-flow conditions. Design: Experimental study in isolated rabbit lungs (n = 12) perfused with autologous blood at constant flow (100 ml/min) and ventilated with 5 % carbon dioxide in air. Setting: Laboratory for experimental studies. Interventions: Haemoconcentration (centrifugation) and haemodilution (Krebs-Henseleit/albumin) were carried out, resulting in haematocrits between 50 % and 0 %. During hypoxic ventilation, inspiratory oxygen fraction was reduced from 0.20 to 0.03. Measurements and results: Under constant flow conditions, haemodilution (from a Hct of 34–36 % to 0–1 %) decreased hypoxic pulmonary artery pressure response to one-third (from 10.8 ± 2.3 cmH2O to 3.1 ± 1.0 cmH2O, P 〈 0.05), while haemoconcentration did not affect the magnitude of hypoxic response (10.5 ± 2.0 cmH2O). For all haematocrit values an increase in pulmonary blood volume (by 5 ml) decreased the magnitude of pressure response. Hypoxia-induced changes in static vascular filling pressure (double occlusion pressure) and vascular compliance were used to assess the strength of hypoxic vasoconstriction under static conditions. Neither haemoconcentration nor haemodilution altered hypoxia-induced changes in either variable. Conclusions: The magnitude of the acute hypoxic pressure response is not altered by haemoconcentration, but significantly reduced by haemodilution. In contrast, neither haemoconcentration nor haemodilution influenced hypoxia-induced changes in static vascular filling pressure and compliance. This suggests that the degree of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is not affected under static conditions and that the red blood cell-dependence of the magnitude of hypoxic pressure response is based on flow-related mechanisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): mouse ; adenosine deaminase ; mouse chromosome 2
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The adenosine deaminase locus (Ada) in the mouse has been localized byin situ hybridization to band 2H3. Linkage analysis of backcross data has shown thatAda is 13.8±2.7 cM from the coat texture mutant, ragged,Ra. From the results of earlier work (Abbott, C. M.,et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:693, 1986), it had been suggested thatwst was a low-activity allele ofAda, but this cannot be so becauseAda andwst have been found to be nonallelic.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): mouse ; adenosine deaminase ; mouse chromosome 2
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The adenosine deaminase locus (Ada) in the mouse has been localized byin situ hybridization to band 2H3. Linkage analysis of backcross data has shown thatAda is 13.8±2.7 cM from the coat texture mutant, ragged,Ra. From the results of earlier work (Abbott, C. M.,et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:693, 1986), it had been suggested thatwst was a low-activity allele ofAda, but this cannot be so becauseAda andwst have been found to be nonallelic.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 385-394 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Formation of alumina layers on iron-base alloysThe formation of Al2O3-layers has been studied for ferritic alloys Fe-6 Al-M and austenitic alloys Fe-27 Ni-4 Al-M where M - Ti, Zr, V, Nb, W, B, Si… (concentrations in wt%). One or more alloying elements M had been added and in some cases carbon. The oxidation was performed at 1000 °C in H2O-H2 mixtures at PO2 = 10-19 bar. After ½ h oxidation the oxide layers were investigated by X-ray structures analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The alloy Fe-6 Al and most doped alloys form badly adherent layers, however, on alloys with additions of 0.1 to 1% Ti, Zr, V or Y the oxide layers are fine-grained and well-adherent. The Ti-doped ferritic alloys showed very protective layers, which is caused by the formation of a Ti(C, O)-layer beneath the α-Al2O3. The presence of the oxicarbide induces nucleation and improves the adherence of α-Al2O3, according to epitaxial relations between ferrite and oxicarbide and between oxicarbide and alumina. The favourable influence of Ti and Zr on the Al2O3 formation is also effective on the austenitic alloys.
    Notizen: Die Bildung von Al2O3-Deckschichten wurde für ferritische Fe-6 AI-M- und austenitische Fe-27 Ni-4 Al-M-Legierungen untersucht, M = Ti, Zr, V, Nb, W, B, Si u. a. (Konzentrationen in Masse%). Die Legierungen enthielten eines oder mehrere der Legierungselemente M und in einigen Fällen Kohienstoff. Die Oxydation wurde bei 1000 °C in H2O-H2 Gemischen mit pO2 = 10-19 bar durchgeführt. Nach ½ h Oxydation wurden die Oxidschichten durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und Auger-Elektronen-Spektroskopie (AES) charakterisiert. Die Legierung Fe-6 Al und die meisten hiervon abgeleiteten Legierungen bilden schlecht haftende Oxidschichten, auf Legierungen mit 0,1 bis 1% Ti, Zr, V oder Y dagegen sind die Oxidschichten feinkörnig und haften sehr gut. Die Ti-dotierten Legierungen zeigten sehr gute Deckschichtbildung, bedingt durch eine Ti(C, O)-Schicht unterhalb des α-Al2O3. Die Gegenwart des Oxicarbids verursacht häufige Keimbildung und verbessert die Haftung des α-Al2O3 aufgrund epitaktischer Beziehungen zwischen Ferrit und Oxicarbid sowie Oxicarbid und Aluminiumoxid. Der günstige Einfluß der Legierungselemente Ti und Zr auf die Bildung von Al2O3-Schichten tritt auch bei den austenitischen Legierungen auf.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 10 (1987), S. 280-290 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Protecting layers against carburizing atmospheres are of great importance for high temperature alloys. Very good results have been obtained with a model alloy Fe—Al—0.5Ti. For a single crystal sample of this alloy, the composition and growth of the protecting layers were studied by AES and LEED. Excellent epitaxial fit was observed for a titanium oxycarbide layer growing on (100) and (110) oriented samples at high temperatures by surface segregation of C and Ti in oxygen containing atmosphers. At the same time Al segregated to the surface and diffused through this carbide layer. Reaction with oxygen led to the formation of an epitaxial Al2O3 layer on top of the carbide. Both layers were very dense and well adherent even for high quenching rates. Only very small amounts of carbon impurity were able to penetrate through the dense Al2O3 layer and were captured by the oxycarbide layer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 20 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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