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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (34)
  • acrylonitrile  (2)
  • dilatometry  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reatarding effect of nitrogen ylide for the polymerization of N-vinyl pyrrolidone (1990)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 268 (1990), S. 645-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: β-picolinium-p-chlorophenacylide ; α-α azobisisobutyronitrile ; N-vinyl pyrrolidone ; dilatometry ; retarder ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract β-Picolinium-p-chlorophenacylide (β-PCFY) acts as a retarder for polymerization of N-vinyl pyrrolidone. The polymerization runs were carried out at 60°C using benzene as an inert solvent. The kinetic equation for the present system may be written asR p α[β-PCPY]−1.0 [AIBN]0.66[N-VP]1.0. The value of overall energy of activation for polymerization in presence and absence ofβ-PCPY was computed as 44.0 and 42.3 kJ mol−1, respectively. The inverse relationship ofR p and¯M v withβ-PCPY suggests thatβ-PCPY acts as a polymerization retarder. The retarding effect is also evidenced by higher initiator exponent value and higher value of energy of activation in presence of ylide. A mechanism is also proposed in which polymer propagating chain combines with one ylide component to give resonance stabilized radical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410406
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on polymerization of vinyl acetate using ylide as an initiator and degradative transfer agent (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 807-815 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of vinyl acetate initiated by β-picolinium p-chlorophenacylide was carried out at 30, 35, and 40°C, using conventional dilatometric technique. The initiator and the monomer exponent values were 0.80 ± 0.15 and unity, respectively. The polymerization was inhibited in the presence of hydroquinone, but was favored by nonpolar solvent and polymerization temperature. The energy of activation was 90.3 KJ mol-1. An average value of kp2/kt for the present system was found to be 0.37 × 10-2. The results are explained in terms of a radical mode of polymerization with degradative initiator transfer; the principal mode of termination, however, was bimolecular.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270306
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on polymerization of vinyl acetate using ylide as an initiator and degradative transfer agent (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 43-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of vinyl acetate initiated by β-picolinium-p-chlorophenacylide was carried out at 30, 35, and 40°C, using the conventional dilatometric technique. The initiator and the monomer exponent values were 0.80 ± 0.15 and unity, respectively. The polymerization was inhibited in the presence of hydroquinone, but was favored by nonpolar solvent and polymerization temperature. The energy of activation was 90.3 kJ mol-1. An average value of kp2/kt for the present system was found to be 0.37 × 10-2 L mol-1 s-1. The results are explained in terms of radical mode of polymerization with degradative initiator transfer; the principal mode of termination, however, was biomolecular.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(vinyl acetate) as a template for the radical polymerization of acrylonitrile (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 1065-1070 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The template polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) along with atactic-poly(vinyl acetate) of Mv (47,090), at 60°C for 120 min in dimethyl formamide (DMF) has been studied dilatometrically to study the effects of template, monomer, and initiator (benzoyl peroxide) concentration upon kinetics. Viscometric measurements showed that complexation between at-PVAc and PAN was maximum when template/polymer ratio was 1:1 and time required for complete complexation was 15 min. The overall energy of activation was 57.76 and 77.01 kJ/mol in the presence and absence of, PVAc, respectively. The overall system follows mechanism I, i.e., the monomer molecules get adsorbed on the surface of the template macromolecules and then propagation proceeds.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270328
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical polymerization of styrene initiated by styrene-arsenic sulfide complex (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 3811-3816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Styrene forms a complex with arsenic sulfide which in DMF at 85°C initiates radical polymerization yielding high molecular weight polymer. The order of reaction, with respect to initiator and monomer, is 0.5 ± 0.02 and unity, respectively. The energy of activation for the system computed as 96 kJ mol-1 and the polymerization is retarded by hydroquinone. A possible mechanism for reaction has also been proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080271121
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpenetrating polymer networks: A review on synthesis and properties (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 35 (1994), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: Interpenetrating polymer networks ; synthesis ; properties ; mechanism ; structure-property relationship ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A review containing 83 references on the chemistry aspects (mechanism and structure-property relationships) for IPN synthesis is presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210350201
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    p-acetyl benzylidene triphenylarsonium ylide initiated radical terpolymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile and copper acrylate: synthesis, characterization and properties (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 41 (1996), S. 407-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: terpolymerization ; kinetics ; thermal properties ; arsonium ylide ; styrene ; acrylonitrile ; copper acrylate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Solution terpolymerization of styrene (Sty), acrylonitrile (AN) and copper acrylate (CuA) has been carried out in dimethylformamide at 90°C for 4 h using p-acetyl benzylidene triphenylarsonium ylide as radical initiator. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), IR and elemental analysis have been used to characterized the terpolymer. Analysis of kinetic data indicates the following rate equation: $$R_{\rm p} \propto \left[ {{\rm ylide}} \right]^{0.5} \left[ {{\rm Sty}} \right]\left[ {{\rm AN}} \right]{1 \over {\left[ {{\rm CuA}} \right]}}$$ The overall activation energy is 38 kJ mol-1. The composition of terpolymer calculated from NMR and elemental analysis has been used to evaluate reactivity ratios as r1(Sty) = 5 ± 2 and r2(AN + CuA) = 0.4 ± 0.02 employing the Finemann-Ross method, which confirms its random origin. The terpolymer was thermally stable up to 2007deg;C.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous current emission in metal-ferrocene-doped ethyl cellulose-metal systems (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 35 (1994), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: spontaneous current emission ; activation centres ; barrier polarization ; plasticization effect ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Spontaneous current emission (SCE) has been studied in sandwiched different electrode configurations [metal(1)-undoped/doped ethyl cellulose (EC)-metal (1)/(2)] as a function of heating rate, film thickness and dopant concentration in the temperature range 40-200°C. The magnitude and direction of current depend on the combination of electrode metals. SCE thermograms for the Al undoped/doped EC-AI system exhibit two well resolved transition at 110 and 160°C in opposite directions to each other. The phenomena related to these transitions are explained in terms of creation of field at the interfaces and field produced in the bulk of the material. No negative direction transition was observed for electrode systems like Ag-Ag, Pb-Pb, Sn-Sn and Au-Au except for a shoulder of a peak around 100°C. When dissimilar electrode systems (i.e. Al-undoped/doped EC-Ag/Pb/Sn) are used, the current rises and then saturates beyond around 160°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210350205
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of zinc acrylate with acrylonitrile initiated by As2S3-styrene complex (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 34 (1994), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: Zinc acrylate ; acrylonitrile ; As2S3-styrene complex ; copolymerization ; dilatometry ; kinetics ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Radical copolymerization of zinc acrylate (ZnA2) with acrylonitrile (AN), initiated by As2S3-styrene complex(I), in dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO) at 90 ± 0.1°C for 1.0h under inert atmosphere, yields non-alternating copolymers. The kinetic expression is Rp ∝ [I]0.33 [ZnA2]0.25 [AN]0.44, i.e. the system follows non-ideal kinetics, which is due to primary radical termination as well as degradative chain transfer reactions. The values for activation energy (E) and k2p/kt are 128kJ mol-1 and 8.57 × 10-7 litre mol-1 s-1, respectively. Thermal stability, solubility in different solvents, and IR and NMR spectra have been evaluated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210340114
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of sulfur mustard on microhardness of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of sulfur mustard (SM), a well-known chemical warfare agent on the microhardness of two poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films was investigated at different loads. SM induces hardness in PET films, perhaps due to an antiplasticizing effect. Heat treatment of the films enhanced their microhardness. The heat-set films show a further increase in their microhardness after exposure to SM. These results were supported by physicochemical techniques like plasma and amine etching, which revealed complex etching phenomena giving rise to a structure-specific pattern. The film having a higher weight loss due to plasma and amine etching showed lower microhardness. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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