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  • 1
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Der Einfluß von Initiatorkonzentration, Ionenstärke des Polymerisationsmediums, Polymerisationstemperatur und Monomer/Wasser-Phasenverhältnis auf Teilchengröße, Teilchengrößenverteilung und Molekulargewicht der gebildeten Polymeren bei der emulgatorfreien Emulsionspolymerisation von Styrol, Methylmethacrylat und Glycidylmethacrylat wurde untersucht. Für die Herstellung von Polystyrolpartikeln einheitlicher Größe (〉 1 μm) wurden die optimalen Bedingungen gefunden; für die anderen beiden Monomeren gelang dies nicht. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Quellfähigkeit “nichtaktivierter” Latexpartikel eine Volumenzunahme auf das 70fache nicht übersteigt und stark von der Größe der ursprünglichen Partikel abhängt.
    Notizen: The effects of initiator concentration, ionic strength of polymerization medium, polymerization temperature, and monomer/water phase ratio on particle size, particle size distribution and molecular weight of the resulting polymers prepared by an emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate have been studied. Optimal conditions for preparation of uniformly sized polystyrene particles larger than 1 μm have been found. An attempt to synthesize monodisperse particles of similar size from methacrylate monomers and crosslinked particles has failed. It is shown that the swelling ability of “non-activated” latex particles does not exceed 70 fold increase in the volume and strongly depends on the size of the original particles.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 777-786 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Radical copolymerization of styrene (S) with crotonaldehyde (3-methylacrylaldehyde) (1a), cinnamaldehyde (1b), 2-methyl-3-phenylacrylaldehyde (1c), 3-(2-furyl)acrylaldehyde (1b), and 3-(2-furyl)-2-methylacrylaldehyde (1e) was studied. Monomer reactivity ratios (r1a = 0,45, rS = 15,5; r1b = 0,95, rS = 2,9; r1c = 0,04, rS = 13,0) were estimated. It was found that the polymerization of the substituted aldehydes is influenced by steric hindrance and by transfer reactions, and the polymerization rate decreases even at low concentrations of furyl derivatives in the monomer feed. The aldehyde monomers undergo copolymerization as other vinylic monomers except 1e. In the copolymer of 1e with styrene conjugate double bonds (C=O and C=C) were found. The structure of the copolymers is further complicated owing to a possibility of forming pyrane rings arising from neighbouring aldehyde units by cyclisation. The IR data are in good agreement with the statistical assumptions on the sequence length distribution of the monomeric units.
    Notizen: Die radikalische Copolymeristion von Styrol (S) mit Crotonaldehyd (3-Methylacrylaldehyd) (1a), Zimtaldehyd (1b), 2-Methyl-3-phenylacrylaldehyd (1c), 3-(2-Furyl)acrylaldehyd (1d) und 3-(2-Furyl)-2-methylacrylaldehyd (1e) wurde untersucht. Dabei wurden die Copolymerisationsparameter für die Monomerenpaare (r1a = 0,45, rS = 15,5; r1b = 0,95, rS = 2,9; r1c = 0,04, rS = 13,0) bestimmt.Die substituierten Aldehyde vermindern die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit durch sterische Hinderung und übertragungsreaktionen, selbst bei geringen Konzentrationen an Furylderivaten im Monomergemisch. Die Copolymerisation der Aldehyd-Monomere verläuft wie bei anderen Vinylmonomeren, nur bei 1e wurde eine andere Art der Polyreaktion beobachtet. Dort findet man im Copolymer konjugierte C=O und C=C Bindungen. Die Struktur der Copolymeren wird auch durch die bekannten Cyclisierungsreaktionen von Aldehydgruppen zu Pyranringen kompliziert. Es wurde gefunden, daß der Reaktionsverlauf der Cyclisierung nach IR-Messungen in übereinstimmung mit den statistischen Voraussagen der Sequenzlängen-Verteilung von Copolymeren ist.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 1013-1021 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): macroporous monoliths ; acrylamide copolymers ; polymerization in mold ; porogens ; polymerization kinetics ; porous properties ; morphology ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Molded macroporous monoliths with pores sizes up to 1000 nm have been prepared by copolymerization of the hydrophilic monomers, acrylamide, and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, in the presence of a porogenic diluent. A combination of dimethylsulfoxide and 2-heptanol was selected from a broad spectrum of solvents and water soluble polymers to achieve the optimum composition of the porogenic mixture. In addition to the composition of the porogen the porous properties of the monolithic rods can also be optimized through changes in the percentage of both N,N′-methylene-bisacrylamide (crosslinking monomer) and azobisisobutyronitrile (free radical initiator) used for the polymerization. The hydrophilic monoliths may be used in the separation of biological polymers, solid-phase extraction, or for immobilization of proteins. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35 1013-1021, 1997
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 1173-1180 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): chemical composition distribution ; liquid chromatography ; porous polymer beads ; HPLC ; monodisperse particles ; poly(isobutylene-co-4-methylstyrene) ; bromination ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used to complement size-exclusion (gel permeation) chromatography (SEC) for the characterization of functional polymers. Whereas SEC is unable to detect compositional changes, HPLC in an appropriate interacting medium can provide detailed information on compositional changes occurring during chemical modification of a polymer. The method has been demonstrated using a normal-phase column consisting of porous monodisperse 10 μm poly(2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) beads that have a homogeneous coverage of aliphatic hydroxyl groups for the analysis of brominated poly(isobutylene-co-4-methylstyrene). Differences of well below 1 mol % of bromomethylstyrene units are easily detected and quantified. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1173-1180, 1997
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2631-2643 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): macroporous beads ; poly(chloromethylstyrene) ; chiral separation ; HPLC ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Reactive monodisperse porous poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-styrene-co-divinylbenzene) beads have been prepared by a staged templated suspension polymerization method with different concentrations of linear polystyrene porogen and chloromethylstyrene in the polymerization mixture. The presence of a small amount of linear polystyrene in the polymerization mixture leads to a dramatic increase in both the pore size and the pore volume of the resulting beads. In contrast, addition of chloromethylstyrene leads to lower surface areas and smoother surfaces due to the reduced compatibility between the polystyrene porogen and the newly formed crosslinked chains. The modification of chloromethylstyrene beads by Gabriel synthesis to obtain aminated beads has also been studied. The final number of primary amino groups is related to the starting concentration of functional benzyl chloride moieties rather than to the porous properties. Both π-basic and π-acidic type chiral selectors, (R)-1-(1-naphthyl)-ethylamine and (R)-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)phenylglycine, respectively, have been attached to the amino functionalized beads, and the resulting chiral beads have been used in the model HPLC separations of enantiomers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2631-2643 1997
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2577-2588 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) beads ; macroporous polymer ; porous properties ; polymeric porogen ; monodisperse beads ; chromatographic packing ; reversed-phase chromotagraphy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The porous structure of monodisperse macroporous beads can be controlled by using soluble polymers with well-defined structural characteristics as part of the porogenic mixture. In general, the use of linear polystyrene as a porogen in the preparation of poly (styrene-co-divinylbenzene) beads shifts the pore size distribution towards larger pores. While a direct correlation between pore size and molecular weight of the porogen has been established, the chemical composition of the polymer porogen has no effect on the porous and chromatographic properties of the beads. These findings suggest that the average molar volume of the porogenic system is important while the miscibility of the polymer porogen with the crosslinked polymer that is formed is of little relevance. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) beads ; macroporous polymer ; monodisperse beads ; porous properties ; divinylbenzene content effect ; chromatographic evaluation ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The effect of concentration of divinylbenzene on pore size distribution and surface areas of micropores, mesopores, and macropores in uniformly sized porous poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) beads prepared in the presence of linear polystyrene as a component of the porogenic mixture has been studied. While the total specific surface area was clearly determined by the content of divinylbenzene, the sum of pore volumes for mesopores and macropores as well as their size distribution does not change within a broad range of DVB concentrations. Consequently, the size exclusion chromatography calibration curves are almost identical for all the beads prepared with different percentages of crosslinking monomer. However, the more crosslinked beads have better mechanical and hydrodynamic properties. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 2961-2968 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): dispersion polymerization ; styrene ; butyl methacrylate ; dyes ; colored mono-disperse beads ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The preparation of monodisperse polymer particles formed by a dispersion copolymerization of a system containing styrene, butyl methacrylate, and nonpolymerizable dyes has been studied. Both the polarity of the ethanol-water dispersion medium and the polymerization rate were found to have a significant effect on the particle size. Experimental conditions have been determined that enable the preparation of colored beads having a narrow size distribution. While the benzoyl peroxide initiated polymerization is seriously inhibited by the presence of dyes, polymerization with azobisisobutyronitrile in presence of the black dye Nigrosin affords monodisperse beads in a high yield. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): monodisperse beads ; 2,3-epoxypropyl vinylbenzyl ether ; divinylbenzene ; copolymers ; macroporous ; chromatography ; HPLC ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: In search for HPLC separation media with new surface chemistries, a styrene-based monomer, 2,3-epoxypropyl vinylbenzyl ether, containing reactive epoxide groups has been syn-thesized and copolymerized with divinylbenzene in a suspension polymerization. The process involves the use of size monodisperse particles that are swollen with monomer and then polymerized in the presence of a porogenic diluent consisting of a mixture of 4-methyl-2-pentanol and octane. The effect of concentration of divinylbenzene on the pore size dis-tribution and the specific surface area of the resulting uniformly sized porous poly(2,3-epoxypropyl vinylbenzyl ether-co-divinylbenzene) beads has been studied. The epoxide groups of the copolymer have been hydrolyzed and the beads used for reversed-phase chro-matography of both small molecules and proteins to show the effect of hydrophobicity of the matrix on the separation properties. Reversed-phase chromatography of alkylbenzenes follows the expected pattern while for proteins the hydrolyzed beads with the highest content of the crosslinking monomer exhibit a remarkable deviation from the predicted retention characteristics. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 2329-2338 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): dispersion polymerization ; monodisperse beads ; poly (styrene-co-butyl-methacrylate ; surface charge ; steric stabilizers ; initiators ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The dispersion copolymerization of styrene and butyl methacrylate in ethanol-water medium to afford micrometer-size monodisperse beads has been investigated. Hydroxypropyl cel-lulose, poly (acrylic acid), and poly (vinylpyrrolidone) have been used as steric stabilizers, benzoyl peroxide and azobisisobutyronitrile as initiators. A novel steric stabilizing system consisting of a mixture of poly (acrylic acid) and hydroxypropyl cellulose has also been shown to lead to monodisperse beads for which the surface charge can be controlled by the relative ratio of steric stabilizers. The effect of several variables, such as the solvency of the medium, the concentration of co-monomers, the reaction temperature, and the type of steric stabilizer and initiator used on the bead size and size distribution are discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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