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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of quantitative resistance of rice cultivars to Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae: A comparison of assessment methods (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 51 (1990), S. 185-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa, rice ; Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae ; bacterial blight ; quantitative resistance ; lesion length ; percentage diseased leaf area ; leaf length ; leaf area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Lesion length, leaf length, and leaf width were measured on infected leaves two weeks after clip inoculation of 64 rice cultivars with two virulent isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae (X.c. pv. oryzae). No significant correlation was found between the lesion length and the leaf dimensions, indicating that physical leaf size does not affect the spread of the bacteria once these have entered the leaf. Lesion length is therefore an acceptable parameter for assessing resistance to (X.c. pv. oryzae), and is to be preferred above the parameter percentage diseased leaf area (% DLA), especially when small differences between genotypes are to be assessed. The confounding influence of differences in leaf length can cause large changes in the ranking order of cultivars when assessed by the % DLA. For this reason lesion length is a better assessor of the value of a quantitative resistance for breeding and research purposes than % DLA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022450
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of, and selection for, factors affecting quantitative resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae in rice (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 53 (1991), S. 235-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae ; bacterial blight ; quantitative resistance ; polygenic resistance ; transgressive segregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four cultivars moderately resistant to Philippine isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae races 2, 3, 5 and 6 and highly resistant to race 1 were crossed with two susceptible cultivars and with each other. The F1 populations were as or more susceptible than the least resistant parent cultivar when assessed for lesion length (cm) by clip-inoculating booting plants with two race 2 and one race 6 isolates of X.c. oryzae. The F2 populations showed continuous distributions when assessed with the race 6 isolate PX099, although populations from crosses between moderately resistant cultivars were positively skewed. Mean broad-sense heritability in the F2 was 0.50. Selection for varying levels of resistance was carried out in the F2 and F3 generations. F3 lines selected from the F2 population modes had variances and ranges equal to those selected from the F2 population extremes and larger than the variances of the parent cultivars. Line selection in the F3 generation was more effective than plant selection in the F3 and in the F2. Realized h2 was 0.39 for line selection in the F3 but only 0.24 for plant selection. A number of lines more resistant than both parents were recovered in crosses between moderately resistant cultivars. Lines more susceptible than both parents were also recovered in crosses between moderately resistant cultivars, but few of these lines were as susceptible as the susceptible cultivars. This indicates that the moderately resistant cultivars had some resistance factor(s) in common. All test cultivars, including the susceptible cultivars, carry few to several factors for quantitative resistance. A model based on nine minor resistance factors is proposed to explain the pattern of transgression found in crosses between the six cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023275
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of quantitative resistance of rice cultivars to Xanthomonas campestris pv. Oryzae: a comparison of inoculation methods (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 54 (1991), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae ; bacterial blight ; rice ; Oryza sativa ; clip inoculation ; spray inoculation ; quantitative resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Lesion size and lesion number were measured on cultivars of rice inoculated by clipping or spraying with virulent isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Mean percentage diseased leaf area (%DLA) gave a similar ranking for the two inoculation methods but differences in lesion size among cultivars were much more evident after clip than after spray inoculation. Correlation between the methods was high (r=0.82**), but some cultivars responded differently with the two techniques. Cultivars which had low scores following spray inoculation showed low disease progress during the first nine weeks after transplanting into a screen-house experiment. Assessment after clip inoculation measures resistance due to spread of bacteria within the leaf xylem system, an important component of quantitative resistance. Assessment after spray inoculation measures all resistance, including resistance to entrance of bacteria into the leaf. In order to select rice entries with improved quantitative resistance to X. c. oryzae based on both components, a screening based on lesion length after clip inoculation, followed by a test for lesion number after spray inoculation, is advised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039604
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residual effects of the Xa-4 resistance gene in three rice cultivars when exposed to a virulent isolate of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 55 (1991), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae ; bacterial blight ; ghost gene ; quantitative resistance ; residual resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary F2 plants of five, and F3 plants of three, crosses between genotypes carrying the race-specific resistance gene Xa-4 and genotypes not carrying this gene were inoculated with two isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Half the tillers of each plant received isolate PX061, avirulent on the Xa-4 gene, the other half of the tillers received isolate PX099, virulent for the Xa-4 gene. The F2 and F3 populations segregated for a single dominant resistance gene, Xa-4. The parental, F2 and F3 genotypes not carrying Xa-4 had mean lesion lengths between 28 and 29 cm for both isolates. The Xa-4 carrying parents showed a mean lesion length of 2.7 cm with the avirulent isolate and of 12.4 cm with the virulent isolate. The Xa-4 carrying F2 and F3 genotypes had mean lesion lengths of 5.2 and 20.1 cm for the two isolates, respectively. These observations strongly indicate that the Xa-4 gene, carried by the rice genotypes studied (IR28, Cisadane and BR51-282-8), had a considerable residual effect when exposed to virulent isolate PXO99.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025232
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eigenspannungen in der Oberfläche gas- und badnitrierter Stahlproben (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 4 (1973), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Residual stresses in the surface of gas and bath nitrided steel specimens. Residual stresses in the steels Ck 45, 34 Cr 4, 34 CrAl 6, and Ck 15 were measured by X-ray diffraction. Cylindrical specimens of the heat-treated steels were nitrided in ammonia-gas and in a Tenifer®-salt- bath. The course of residual stresses of Ith order was determined by removing thin layers. With the carbon steel Ck 15 ist shown the effect of tempering on residual stresses in bath-nitrided and quenched specimens.
    Notes: Es wird über röntgenographische Spannungsmessungen an den Stählen Ck 45, 34 Cr 4, 34 Cr Al 6 und Ck 15 berichtet. Zylindrische Proben aus den Vergütungsstählen wurden im Ammoniak-Gasstrom und im Tenifer®-Salzbad nitriert und der Verlauf der Eigenspannungen I. Art durch Abtragen und mehrfaches Messen bestimmt. Am Beispiel des Kohlenstoffstahles Ck 15 wird gezeigt, wie sich eine thermische Nachbehandlung auf die Eigenspannungen badnitrierter und nach der Behandlung in Wasser abgeschreckter Proben aus diesem Werkstoff auswirkt.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19730040207
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eigenspannungsänderungen beim Überrollen von gehärtetem Wälzlagerstahl 100 Cr 6 (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 68-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Internal Stresses due to Rolling with and without SlipInternal stresses have been measured in specimens of roller bearing steel 100 Cr 6 with X-ray technique. The course of the internal stresses has been determined in dependence of the number of load cycles and slip. It is shown, that the internal stresses strongly depend on the slip magnitude.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der röntgenographischen Eigenspannungsmessung wurde die Eigenspannungsausbildung in Proben aus 100 Cr 6 in Abhängigkeit von Überrollungszahl und Schlupf ermittelt. Es zeigt sich, daß die Eigenspannungsausbildung sehr stark vom Makroschlupf bestimmt wird.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19800110208
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eigenspannungsmessungen an unterschiedlich abgekohlten, kugelgestrahlten und torsionsschwellbeanspruchten Proben aus FederstahlHerrn Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dr.-Ing. E.h. E. Macherauch zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 17 (1986), S. 350-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Residual Stress Measurements on Differently Decarburized, Shot Peened and Cyclic Torsional Loaded Specimens of a Spring SteelIn addition to previous fatigue tests with the spring material 55 Cr 3, X-ray residual stress measurements were carried out on differently decarburized, shot peened and cyclic torsional loaded specimens. It was shown that longer duration of decarburization leads to higher residual tensile stress in the surface zone for not peened specimens. Shot peening, however, effects almost equal residual compressive stresses in the surface zone in spite of different starting conditions, with a slight decrease for specimens with a long duration of decarburization, which corresponds to the results of the fatigue tests.By cyclic torsional loading with mean stress the residual compressive stresses due to shot peening are diminished in the axial and circumferential directions. A main stress system is now to be found with an angle of 45° to axis, whereas the residual stresses in the s̰1-(tensile direction) retain their values, those in the s̰2-(compressive) direction are decreased distinctly.
    Notes: Im Rahmen eines von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen geförderten Forschungsvorhabens wurden zahlreiche Torsionsschwellversuche an Rundproben mit 14 mm ∅ aus dem Werkstoff 55 Cr 3 durchgeführt. Zur Interpretation der Schwingfestigkeitsergebnisse wurden Härte- und Kohlenstoffverlaufskurven in der Randschicht der einzelnen Probenvarianten aufgenommen und metallographische Untersuchungen vorgenommen [1].Um die Aussagefähigkeit der Schwingfestigkeitsergebnisse zu verbessern, wurde anschließend ein reduziertes Programm zur Untersuchung der Eigenspannungszustände der wesentlichen Abkohlungsvarianten an Proben der gleichen Charge durchgeführt. Über die Ergebnisse dieser Eigenspannungsmessungen wird im folgenden ausführlich berichtet, wobei zunächst einleitend die wichtigsten Parameter und Ergebnisse des Forschungsvorhabens zusammengefaßt dargestellt werden.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19860170910
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diffraction and polarizing optical microscopy investigation of the structural organization of rabbit tibia (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 41 (1998), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: collagen fibrils ; apatitic crystals ; orientation ; X-ray diffraction ; polarized optical microscopy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: X-ray diffraction and polarized optical microscopy investigations were carried out on thin sections of rabbit tibia in order to study the morphological organization of the structural components of this tissue, which often is utilized to test bone response to implants. In the optical microscope, the lateral face as well as the lateral portion of the caudal face exhibit a lamellar structure with an alternation of dark and bright lamellae running parallel to the long axis of the tibia. In contrast, both in the medial face and in the medial portion of the caudal face there are numerous osteonic structures. In spite of the complexity of this morphological organization, the results of small- and high-angle X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that the structural relationship between collagen fibrils and inorganic crystals is quite similar to that observed in single osteons and allows evaluation of the orientation of the two main structural components. Both collagen fibrils and apatitic crystallites are preferentially oriented parallel to the long axis of the tibia. The degree of orientation is greater in the thickness than in the plane of the lamellae, suggesting that collagen fibrils and inorganic crystallites lie preferentially in the plane of the lamellae, where they follow an oblique course. The degree of orientation of the apatitic crystallites is higher in the lateral face than in the medial and caudal faces, in agreement with the optical microscopic images. The results provide information that must be taken into account when evaluating the structural modifications of bone due to the insertion of a prosthetic device. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 289-295, 1998.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time resolved small angle scattering during isothermal crystallization of unoriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) using synchrotron radiation (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 1263-1269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The time course of the small angle scattering pattern of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate), (PET), was measured during isothermal crystallization using synchrotron radiation. The samples were heated to temperatures between 117 and 145°C in an oven placed in the path of the X-ray beam. The scattering curves were measured within 10 s at intervals of 1 s so as to follow the kinetics of the process continuously. It appears that the distance between the centres of mass of the crystallites decreases with increasing crystallization time as in oriented PET. The integrated small angle scattering follows approximately the same time course as the increase in the degree of crystallinity during an isothermal crystallization yielding Avrami exponents between 5 and 7. Guinier plots of the low angle region show that the scattering can be attributed to rod-like particles.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1981.021820425
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved synchrotron radiation x-ray solution scattering study of DNA melting (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 28 (1989), S. 1505-1514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time resolved x-ray solution scattering measurements were made during thermal denaturation of DNA from various sources in the temperature range of 20-90°C. Preliminary results on the influence of fragement length, ionic strength, and origin of the DNA on the time course of the scattering are described. Interpretation is based on model calculations of the scattering patterns. The resluts indicate that, for long DNA fragments at very low ionic strength, the melting process is a continuous phenomenon over the whole temperature range. It is accompanied by a progressive decrease of the radius of gyration of the cross section and of the mass per unit length. For short fragments of 146 base pair nucleosomal core DNA, stiffening of the DNA appears to precede a sharp melting transition.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360280903
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