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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of mixing on the modes of dispersion and rheological properties of two-phase polymer blends in extrusion (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 2831-2843 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of mixing on the state of dispersion and rheological properties in the two-phase flow of polymer blends. For the study, blends of polystyrene and polypropylene were used, and two mixing devices were employed: a single-screw extruder combined with a “static mixer,” and a twin-screw compounding machine. Materials of various blending ratios were extruded at a constant temperature (200°C) through a capillary die having an L/D ratio of 20 (D = 0.125 in.). The state of dispersion in the two-phase system was investigated from pictures taken of the microstructure of the extrudate samples. It was found that different mixing devices have a profound influence on the state of dispersion of one polymer in another. Also determined were the rheological properties of the two-phase system investigated, from wall normal stress measurements. Our results show that, when shear stress is used as a parameter, the melt viscosity goes through a minimum, whereas the melt elasticity goes through a maximum. This is regardless of the type of mixing device employed, although the shapes of the curves are affected by the type employed. It is suggested that shear stress, instead of shear rate, be used in correlating the viscoelastic properties of two-phase polymer systems.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070191019
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and mechanical properties of injection-molded specimens of two-phase polymer blends (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 353-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental study was carried out to investigate the moldability of polymer blends which form two phases in the molten state and the effect of mixing on the morphology and mechanical porperties of molded specimens. Blends of polystyrene with polypropylene and blends of polystyrene with high-density polyethylene were used for this study. A plunger-type injection molding machine (Van Dorn) was employed for molding specimens. To improve the mixing performance of the plunger machine, a Static Mixer (Kenics Corp., Super Nozzle) was installed between the heating cylinder and the sprue. A number of different molding conditions (injection pressure, temperature, injection time, cooling time) were varied, and molded specimens were collected under each molding condition. The specimens were used for studying the degree of dispersion in the blends and for determining the mechanical properties. A differential thermal analysis (DTA) experiment was also carried out to determine the degree of dispersion of the blends in molded specimens. It was found that a linear correlation exists between the blend composition and thermal spectra area of the blends tested.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion and solubility of some azo dyes in swollen gelatin matrices: The effects of dye size, matrix swell, and dye-matrix interactions (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 2075-2094 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The diffusion coefficient (D) and the solubility coefficient (K) of three sulfonated azo dyes were measured in swollen gelatin membranes at pH 12 by two techniques (time lag and desorption rate), with good agreement between the two. A strong correlation was established between log D and the reciprocal of the free volume of the matrix. Hence, as free volume of the matrix increased (due to increasing solvent imbibition), dye mobility increased. As dye size increased, however, mobility decreased. Dye affinity for gelatin, as measured in dilute solutions by dynamic dialysis, was small and could be related to the dye solubility in more concentrated gelatin matrices. Increasing ionic strength or decreasing alcohol content increased K without affecting the dye mobility. On the other hand, the presence of polymers with strong affinity for the dye anions, e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone, immobilized a large fraction of the dye ions and greatly slowed the overall dye transport.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300524
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalysis of carbamate reactions by cyclic sulfonium zwitterions (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 2127-2130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1977.021780727
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Translational diffusion of polystyrene in cyclohexane at infinite dilution from 283 to 348 K (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 23 (1985), S. 2457-2468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The translational diffusion coefficients are reported for polystyrenes with molecular weights 2000, 4000, and 9000 in cyclohexane at infinite dilution from 283.2 to 348.2 K. The results suggest that the hydrodynamic radii stay constant to within ±3% and that the real chain for molecular weight 9000 at 308.2 K is well represented by a Gaussian or Monte Carlo model involving the idea of statistical steps. Furthermore, the success of Hildebrand's free-volume empiricism has led to a correlation between Dμ0/T and M which represents the observed diffusivities to within ±2%.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.180231204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalysis of ureylene group formation by cyclic sulfonium zwitterions (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1978), S. 527-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1978.021790228
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle neutron scattering study of the structure of protein / detergent complexes (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 29 (1990), S. 335-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to study the structure of protein/sodium dodecylsulfate complexes. Two water soluble proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA), were used. The protein concentration was kept constant at 1 wt %, and protein/detergent wt ratio varied between 1/1, 1/1.5, 1/2 and 1/3. Absolute intensities of SANS distributions were analyzed by a fractal model. Analyses of large Q portions of SANS distributions established that sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) molecules bound to a protein/SDS complex form micelle-like clusters. On the other hand, analyses of small Q portions of SANS distributions clearly showed that the arrangement of micelle-like clusters resembles a fractal packing of spheres. We showed that a protein/SDS complex can be characterized by four parameters extracted from the scattering experiment, namely, the average micelle size and its aggregation number, the fractal dimension characterizing the conformation of the micellar chains, the correlation length giving the extent of the unfolded polypeptide chains, and the numbers of micelle-like clusters in the complex.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360290206
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SANS studies of concentrated protein solutions. I. Bovine serum albumin (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 25 (1986), S. 1157-1175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to examine concentrated bovine serum albumin solutions of up to 20% protein w/v. At higher protein concentrations, scattering data show distinct features that can be ascribed to strong intermolecular interactions. Differential scattering cross-sections are fitted to a theoretical model of interparticle potential consisting of a hard core plus an exponentially decaying “tail.” For moderate ionic strength (0.03M K Acetate, pH 5.9), the intermolecular interaction agrees with the double-layer repulsive part of the well-known DLVO (Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek) theory for interacting colloidal particles. We thus demonstrate that it is possible to determine size parameters and the surface charge of protein molecules in dense solutions. At high salt concentrations (≥0.2M NaCl) data can be fitted by the same potential model, although interpretation in terms of DLVO theory is not possible. Even in this case, however, “effective” molecular size and potential parameters can be determined.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360250613
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis and experimental study of gas penetration in a gas-assisted injection-molded spiral tube (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 793-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Characteristics of gas penetration and polymer melt flow in gas-assisted injection molded spiral tubes was investigated by simulations and experiments. Distribution of the skin melt thickness along the gas flow direction was measured, and gas penetration in the primary and secondary stages was identified. An algorithm based on the control-volume/tiniteelement method combined with a particle-tracing scheme using a dual-filling-parameter technique is utilized to predict the advancements of both melt front and gas from during the molding process. The simulated distribution of gas penetration shows reasonably good coincidence with experimental observations. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580412
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Translational diffusion of relatively short polystyrene chains in cyclohexane. II. An interpretation of hydrodynamic radius with the freely jointed chain model (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 25 (1987), S. 1473-1480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The translational diffusion coefficients for three relatively short, nearly monodisperse polystyrene chains (with molecular weights 2000, 4000, and 9000) in liquid cyclohexane have been measured up to 523.2 K using the extended Taylor dispersion method. The resultant hydrodynamic radii are successfully interpreted with the freely jointed chain model corrected for the approximations intrinsic to Kirkwood's theory with Stokes' radius as the only adjustable parameter, which is found to decrease with chain length but approach a constant value for long enough chains. The experimentally observed hydrodynamic radii of polystyrene standards with molecular weights 17,500, 50,000 and 100,000 at 308.2 K conform quite well to the values predicted with the approach formulated in this work.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1987.090250709
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