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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrylonitrile copolymer films: Influence of modification by reaction with ethylene oxide on biological degradation (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 1449-1452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The biological degradation of acrylonitrile-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile-acrylic acid copolymers has been studied by evaluating copolymer films in a continuous in vitro rumen system. The copolymer films were examined before and after modification by reaction with ethylene oxide gas. The degradation of the acrylonitrile-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer followed a pattern similar to that occurring on thermal degradation. Modification by reaction with ethylene oxide gas, which induces C=N conjugation, did not improve the resistance to degradation. The acrylonitrile-acrylic acid copolymer films disintegrated, but on prior modification by reaction with ethylene oxide they remained virtually unaltered. Modification of the acrylonitrile-acrylic acid copolymer results in crosslinking with an absence of C=N conjugation, leading to improved resistance to biological degradation.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230515
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical modification of acrylonitrile copolymers: Reaction of cationic copolymers with ethylene oxide (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 1503-1506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Copolymers of tertiary amines have been reacted with ethylene oxides gas. The reaction induces low temperature cyclization and increases polymer hydrophilicity. When the co-polymer is in film form, water permeability is dependent on ethylene oxide processing time and temperature.The behavior of the copolymer films when treated with ethylene oxide is contrasted with the effects due to thermal treatment of acrylonitrile copolymers.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190602
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perm-selective dialysis membranes. I. Films based on dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymers (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 5 (1971), S. 415-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: New synthetic polymer membranes prepared from copolymers of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate are reported. Membrane transport characteristics are compared with those of standard cellulose films currently used in hemodialysis. The membranes are obtained as films by casting solutions of vinyl copolymers prepared by emulsion polymerization techniques. The new membranes show selectivity towards certain blood components under the test conditions used. The clinical procedure for ethylene oxide sterilization has been adapted to give chemical modification of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate tertiary amine groups. With acrylonitrile as comonomer, polymer membranes which are both watersensitive and insoluble are obtained. The permeability of such films is controlled by varying processing time. Infrared spectra of processed and unprocessed films are discussed and reasons put forward for the change in membrane properties brought about by processing. Membrane behavior when acrylonitrile is replaced by methacrylonitrile or methyl methacrylate indicates the probable necessity of having a strongly electron-attracting comonomer for successful modification.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820050502
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of contact phase activation by the measurement of the activity of supernatant and membrane surface-adsorbed factor XII (FXII): Its relevance as a useful parameter for the in vitro assessment of haemodialysis membranes (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 31 (1996), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We investigated hemodialysis membrane biocompatibility with respect to contact phase activation by determination of FXII-like activity (FXIIA) on the membrane surface and in the supernatant phase, during plasma contact with various hemodialysis membranes using an in vitro incubation test cell. The results were compared to the influence of these membranes on the activation of purified FXII. A time course for the generation of activated FXII using purified FXII solution at physiologic concentrations on two similar negatively charged polymers was performed. The membranes assessed were regenerated cellulose (Cuprophan; Akzo Faser AG, Germany), modified cellulosic (Hemophan; Akzo Faser AG), acrylonitrile-sodium methallyl copolymer-based membrane AN69S (Hospal, France), and SPAN, a new polyacrylonitrile-based copolymer (Akzo Nobel AG). The plasma FXIIA at the membranes surface was significantly different between the membranes, while the supernatant phase FXIIA exhibited no significant differences. In contrast, activation of purified FXII in a plasma-free system with respect to supernatant activity indicated significant differences between the materials. A similar finding for the membrane-bound factor XIIA was also observed when purified factor XII was used. The membrane-bound FXIIA values observed in the plasma system containing heparin were significantly greater than in citrated plasma. This demonstrated the strong influence of heparin and the interaction of other plasma components to the membrane surface on the activation of contact phase of coagulation. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perm-selective dialysis membranes. II. Films based on acrylic acid-n-butyl methacrylate copolymers - a critical comparison with cellulose films (1973)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 7 (1973), S. 3-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: New synthetic anionic membranes have been developed as replacements for the cellulose membranes currently used to remove blood toxins and water in hemodialyzers. The membranes are solvent-cast on to polyethylene sheets from copolymers of acrylic acid with various alkyl methacrylates. Membranes from copolymers of acrylic acid and n-butyl methacrylate show most promise as alternative hemodialysis membranes. The copolymers are prepared using modified emulsion copolymerization techniques with sequential monomeric additions in order to yield homogeneous polymers with the high molecular weight necessary for good film-forming characteristics. Permeability of the synthetic membranes to blood components, rates of water removal by ultrafiltration, and mechanical properties of membranes are measured and compared with standard 150 and 300PT cellulose films. Results for cellulose films confirm previous conclusions that permeability is principally proportional to the inverse molecular volume of the diffusing solute, while new anionic synthetic membranes show selectivity to basic blood solutes and operate by an “assisted diffusion” mechanism. A method is reported of improving mechanical properties while maintaining high permeability rates for blood solutes and high water ultrafiltration rates, by treating membranes with ethylene oxide gas, a clinical sterilizing agent.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820070103
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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