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  • 1
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The salient features of nonelemental sulfur vulcanization by tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) and elemental sulfur vulcanization promoted by TMTD both in presence and absence of ZnO and stearic acid have been studied. In stock containing TMTD, a higher rate constant value for dicumyl peroxide (DCP) decomposition was observed. TMTD decreases the crosslinking density due to DCP depending on its concentration. An entirely radical mechanism has been advanced in the absence of ZnO. ZnO or ZnO-stearic acid seems to alter the entire course of reaction. The rate of crosslinking increases in the presence of ZnO or ZnO-stearic acid. Moreover, crosslinks are formed additively (further supported from the activation energy data), and mixed crosslink formation has been confirmed by the methyl iodide test of the vulcanizates. Stearic acid has no effect on crosslink formation. An ionic chain mechanism has been postulated in the presence of ZnO, as suggested by British authors.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 2773-2784 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This study embodies the results and discussion of a comprehensive and systematic investigation of the mechanism of sulfuration of styrene-butadiene rubber accelerated by N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS) with and without activators. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) has been taken as a chemical aid to distinguish between free-radical and polar mechanisms of sulfuration. The rate constant for DCP decomposition in presence of CBS and the reduction in crosslink density by CBS have also been studied. With a constant amount of DCP and sulfur the crosslink density increases with increasing CBS concentration. In the presence of ZnO and stearic acid, crosslinking proceeds faster than in a similar system without these ingredients, and with DCP the crosslinks are found to be formed nearly additively as confirmed by methyl iodide treatment of the vulcanizates. In the absence of DCP, the crosslinking is characterized by an induction period, even in presence of ZnO and stearic acid. In the presence of sulfur, the 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MSH) or amine or amine salt form crosslinkins by ionic reaction.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 16 (1978), S. 981-995 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of acrylamide has been studied in ethanol at 80°C with 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator, and also in water at 60°C with 4,4′-azobis-4-cyanopentanoic acid (ACV) as the initiator. For the first system, it was found, approximately, that the well defined in duction period showed an inverse dependence on both the initial monomer and initiator concentrations, but was directly proportional to the square root of the initial oxygen concentration. For the second system, the rate of oxygen uptake was approximately directly proportional to the monomer and initiator concentration but independent of the oxygen concentration. The results obtained for these two systems are compared.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 169 (1973), S. 273-283 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Wechselwirkung zwischen den basischen Proteinen Lysozym und Ribonuclease einerseits und Polyanionen wie Chondroitinsulfat, DNA oder Inosithexasulfat oder Ferrocyanid andererseits wurde mit Hilfe der Leitfähigkeits- und Trübungsmessung untersucht.Bei den Leitfähigkeits-Titrationen der Polyanionen mit basischen Proteinen wurden bei stöchiometrischen Mengen Knicke in den Kurven erhalten. Zusätzliche Knicke wurden im Falle niedrigerer und höherer Proteinkonzentrationen bei konstanten Mengen an Polyanionen beobachtet. So wurden für das basische Protein Lysozym die beiden Äquivalentgewichte 840 und 1 760 erhalten. Mit DNA zeigte sich jedoch bei einer Konzentration, die höher als die stöchiometrische Menge war, nur ein Knick, was darauf hinweist, daß sämtliche Phosphat-Gruppen der DNA nicht in die Wechselwirkung mit den Proteinen einbezogen sind.Trübungs-Titrationen von Lysozym mit Polyanionen in Wasser, in einer Pufferlösung oder in wäßrigem Äthanol zeigen im allgemeinen einen Knick, und das daraus berechnete Äquivalentgewicht stimmt mit dem höheren Wert überein, der durch Leitfähigkeitsmessung ermittelt wurde. Ribonuclease lieferte bei gleichem pH-Wert und unter denselben Bedingungen eine stärkere Trübung als Lysozym.Daraus wird geschlossen, daß die Wechselwirkung zwischen Polyanion und Polykation nur unter günstigen Bedingungen stochiometrisch ist. Anfänglich erhöhen Salze die durch Polyanion/ Polykation-Wechselwirkung bedingte Trübung und schwächen sie anschließend allmählich ah. In dieser Hinsicht sind zweiwertige Kationen wirksamer als einwertige.
    Notes: The interaction between the basic proteins lysozyme or ribonuclease and polyanions like chondroitin sulphate, DNA or inositol hexasulphate and also ferrocyanide was studied conductometrically and turbidometrically. In the conductometric titrations of the polyanions with basic proteins, breaks in the titration curves were obtained at the stoichiometric amounts. Additional breaks were observed at lower and higher protein concentrations with constant amounts of the polyanions. Thus, two equivalent weights, 840 and 1760, of the basic protein lysozyme were obtained. With DNA, however, only one break was obtained at a concentration higher than the stoichiometric amount, indicating that all the phosphate groups of DNA are not involved in the interaction with the proteins. Turbidometric titrations of lysozyme by the polyanions in water, in a buffer or in aqueous ethanol generally gives one break and the equivalent weight of the protein, calculated from this break, corresponds to the higher value determined conductometrically. Ribonuclease gave higher turbidity than lysozyme under identical conditions of polyanions and pH.It is concluded that interaction between polyanion and polycation is stoichiometric only under favourable conditions. Salts initially increase the turbidity produced by a polyanion/polycation interaction followed by a progressive decrease; in this respect bivalent cations are more effective than monovalent cations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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