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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of dihydroxamic acid chelating polymers and the adsorptive property for uranium in sea water (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1953-1966 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of new chelating polymers bearing dihydroxamic acid groups and the adsorptive ability for uranium in sea water are described. Chloromethylated polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene was treated with diethyl malonate in N, N-dimethylformamide to give the polymer having diethyl malonate groups. This polymer was then treated with hydroxylamine in methanol to afford the dihydroxamic acid polymer. The presence of hydroxamic acid groups was confirmed by the appearance of IR absorption band at 1680 cm-1. The dihydroxamic acid polymer contained carboxylic acid groups as well as hydroxamic acid ones, and the contents of carboxylic acid and hydroxamic acid groups were estimated from elemental analysis to be 2-3 and 2-4 mmol/g, respectively. The polymer showed the adsorptive ability of 40 μg-U/g in 8 days for uranium in sea water. In addition, the polymer showed the selective adsorptivity for iron, nickel, copper, and zinc as well as uranium. The macroreticular-type polymer showed much higher adsorption rate for uranium in sea water than the gel-type ones did, suggesting that the rate depends on the diffusion of the uranium in the polymer support.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240817
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosensitive poly(methacrylates) having styrylpyridinium and styrylquinolinium groups (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 3063-3077 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three methods to introduce photodimerizable styrylpyridinium or styrylquinolinium groups to methacrylate polymers are described. Among these, copolymerization of methacrylate monomers with methacrylated styrylpyridine or styrylquinoline offered the most convenient procedure to prepare photosensitive polymers because of the excellent solubility of the polymers having the photofunctional groups in high content. Subsequent treatment with p-toluenesulfonic acid to quaternize the pyridine or quinoline moiety made the polymer highly photosensitive. The polymers having a styrylquinolinium group were found to be sensitive to 488 nm light of an Ar laser, and the sensitivity was about 3 mJ/cm2 when the content of the photosensitive group was 15 mol %.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080251111
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A spiropyran-iodonium salt system as a two photon radical photoinitiator (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 26 (1988), S. 185-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1988.140260403
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel method for preparation of photocrosslinkable poly(vinyl alcohol) (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1475-1480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A convenient procedure to prepare photosensitive poly(vinyl alcohol) by acetalization with 1-methyl-4-(p-formylstyryl)pyridinium methosulfate in heterogeneous condition is described. The reaction of fully saponified poly(vinyl alcohol) was carried out in suspension in acidic aqueous solution, while partially saponified poly(vinyl alcohol) was acetalized in acidic aqueous organic solvent. The photosensitive poly(vinyl alcohol) thus prepared was purified by filtration and successive washing out with methanol. The effect of the preparative condition on the electronic absorption spectra of the styrylpyridinium group attached to poly(vinyl alcohol) is discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250603
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photocrosslinkable polymers having p-phenylenediacrylate group in the side chain: Argon laser photoresist (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1579-1590 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparative methods and photosensitivity characteristics of polymers bearing the p-phenylene-diacrylate (PDA) group are described. Condensation of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate with p-phenylenediacrylic acid monoester gave highly photosensitive polymers. An alternative method to introduce PDA group is the substitution of chloromethyl-styrene polymer with p-phenylenediacrylic acid monoester monoalkali salt. The latter method was found to be more favorable for preparing soluble photosensitive polymers. The polymers thus prepared showed high sensitivity to light of 488 nm from an Argon laser when sensitizers are used, and the photocrosslinking quantum efficiency was 0.44. Preliminary results on holographic recording with this polymer is also mentioned.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250612
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversible alignment change of nematic liquid crystals by photochromic polymer films (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 1 (1990), S. 311-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Liquid crystal (LC) ; Photoresponsive polymer ; Photochromic reaction ; Molecular alignment ; Photorecording ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The alignment of a nematic liquid crystal (LC) was changed reversibly by a photochromic reaction of vinyl-polymer films bearing azobenzene (Az) chromophores. Photoisomerization of Az in the polymer films proceeded slower than in solution systems with an irreversible nature, due to a limited free volume of polymers and the presence of Az aggregates. Photoregulative Az films were obtained by two procedures: (i) spin-coating followed by baking processes: and (ii) adsorption from a LC/polymer mixture onto a lecithin-coated glass surface. Perpendicular alignment, which is achieved both in the surface Az and in the LC layer, allows a parallel interaction between them and enables the photoregulation of the LC alignment.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1990.220010505
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosensitive poly(vinyl alcohol) bearing N-(1-pyridinio)benzamidate groups (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 4 (1993), S. 514-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Poly(vinyl alcohol) ; Pyridinium ylide ; Pyridiniobenzamidate ; Negative photoresist ; Photosensitive ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) bearing N-(1-pyridinio)benzamidate (PB) was synthesized through acetalization of PVA and 4-dimethoxymethyl-N-(1-pyridinio)benzamidate (DMPB) in water. The PB groups in PVA-PB had almost the same proportion of DMPB to the starting PVA. The UV spectrum of PVA-PB shows an absorption band of pyridinium ylide as a shoulder around 300 nm in water, and as a maximum at 315 nm in a film on a quartz plate. These absorption bands decreased on irradiation at 313 nm. The photoreaction of the PVA-PB film proceeds much faster than that of PVA-PB in water. The solution, of PVA-bearing high-PB content, became slightly turbid during irradiation. After irradiation the film became insoluble in water, and the soluble fraction of polymer (P̄ = 1700) was 3% at a PB content of 1 mol% and less than 1% at that of more than 2 mol%. This polymer can be applied as a water-soluble negative photoresist.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1993.220040806
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positive working resists sensitive to visible light, I: poly(tert-butyl and 2-phenylpropyl-2 methacrylates) sensitized with diphenyliodonium salt  -  p-aminobenzylidene dye system (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 3 (1992), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Iodonium salt ; Sensitized photolysis ; Photogenerated acid ; Poly(methacrylates) ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Visible-light-sensitive positive type resists have been developed. The chemistry to form images is based on the cleavage of side chain ester bonds of poly(methacrylates) catalyzed by an acid which is generated on sensitized photodecomposition of a diphenyliodonium (DPI) salt. Homopolymers and copolymers of tert-butyl methacrylate (BMA) and 2-phenylpropyl-2 methacrylate (PPMA) were used as acid labile polymers. Exposure of thin films of the poly(methacrylates) containing DPI salt and p-dimethylaminobenzylidene derivatives to an Ar laser beam emitting 488 nm light and subsequent heat treatment resulted in solubility alteration of the polymers, which became soluble in a protic solvent system. Considerable reduction of film thickness was observed after heating an image-wise exposed thin film of PPMA polymers. The minimum exposure energies of 488 nm light for the positive image formation were 60 mJ/cm2 and 40 mJ/cm2 for BMA and PPMA homopolymers, respectively.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1992.220030102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positive working photoresists sensitive to visible light, II: poly{2-arylpropyl-2 and bis(p-methoxyphenyl)methyl methacrylates} (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 3 (1992), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Iodonium salt ; Photogenerated acid ; Photoresist ; Poly(methacrylates) ; Diffraction efficiency ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Acid-labile polymers of methacrylates of 2-(p-substituted phenyl)propanol-2 and bis(p-methoxyphenyl)methanol were evaluated as visible light sensitive positive-type resists. The chemistry to form images is based on the cleavage of esters catalysed by an acid generated by photodecomposition of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate sensitized by 2-benzoyl-3-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-propenenitrile. A copolymer of bis(p-methoxyphenyl)methyl methacrylate-phenyl methacrylate exhibited a high photospeed upon exposure to 488 nm light when coupled with the iodonium salt and the dye, and was applicable to relief holography.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1992.220030203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-ethanol permseparation by pervaporation through photocrosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) composite membranes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 1717-1729 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Water-ethanol permselectivity was investigated by pervaporation through composite membranes which were prepared by coating photocrosslinkable poly(vinyl alcohol) containing pendant styrylpyridinium group (0.86-3.93 mol %) on porous films. These membranes were water-permselective, and the selectivity was dependent on the state of membranes; namely, incorporation ratio of styrylpyridinium group on poly(vinyl alcohol), molecular weight of the base polymer, coating thickness of a photopolymer, etc. Photocrosslinkable styrylpyridinium group showed, of course, the ionic character by a pyridinium moiety to work on permseparation of water effectively as well as preventing the dissolution of membranes by crosslinking. Membranes based on the higher molecular weight poly(vinyl alcohol) (P = 1700) gave the higher permselectivity of water in general than those of lower molecular weight (P = 500) one. Swelling of the polymers reached 160%, and permeation rate through the membranes increased with the increase of swelling. Selective diffusion of water was found to take place in swelling, and to play a part in the water-permseparation through the membranes.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070360801
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