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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of aromatic nuclei. XXVI. Poly(p-phenylene): Friedel-crafts alkylation, molecular weight, and propagation mechanism (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 89-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(p-phenylene) was alkylated with n-propyl bromide, n-propyl chloride, and isopropyl bromide in the presence of aluminum chloride. Apparently, the reactions involve dialkylation with n-propyl halides and alternating mono- and dialkylation with isopropyl bromide. Alkylation with ethyl or n-butyl bromide was unsuccessful. The dialkylated polymer was sufficiently soluble to allow molecular weight determination. Mechanistic aspects of alkylation and propagation are treated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170190110
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Friedel-Crafts polymerization of fluorene with methylene chloride, methoxyacetyl chloride, and chloromethyl methyl etherPresented, in part, at the 39th Northwest Regional ACS Meeting held at Moscow, ID, in June, 1984. (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23 (1985), S. 1433-1444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of fluorene with various chloromethylating reagents (methylene chloride, methoxyacetyl chloride, and chloromethyl methyl ether) in the presence of aluminum chloride was studied. The products that were obtained were insoluble, infusible, colored powders which contain a low concentration of aromatic radicals. Each of the polymers is composed predominantly of fluorene nuclei bridged at the 2 and 7 positions by methylene groups. In addition, the materials possess varying amounts of crosslinked and ring-fused moieties. Based on physical and spectral properties and reaction stoichiometry, the fluorene/methylene chloride polymer is the most highly crosslinked of the three. The fluorene/methoxyacetyl chloride and fluorene/chloromethyl methyl ether polymers are similar to each other in most respects.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.170230516
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross polarization, magic angle 13C NMR spectroscopy of poly(p-phenylene) and lower oligomers (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 18 (1980), S. 653-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.130181002
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of dibenzofuran and dichloromethane (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 21 (1983), S. 551-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.130210708
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of aromatic nuclei. XXVII. ESR studies on polymers and oligomers from reaction of benzenoid and naphthalene monomers with lewis acid catalyst-oxidant systems (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 973-984 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chlorobenzene and toluene were polymerized with aluminum chloride-cupric chloride to produce materials that consist mainly of poly(o-phenylene) structures. These species exhibited radical cation concentrations comparable to that of poly(p-phenylene). Polymerization of naphthalene and 1-chloronaphthalene with aluminum chloride-cupric chloride or ferric chloride-water also resulted in products with high radical cation concentrations. Polynuclear structures may be responsible for the paramagnetic character; alternatively, p-quinoidal moieties may be present in naphthalenes. The depth of color in the samples is directly related to the concentration of radical cations.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170190411
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of aromatic nuclei. XXV. ESR and chemical studies on the radical cation nature of poly(p-phenylene) (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 235-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The radical cation nature of poly(p-phenylene) (PPP) was examined by electron spin resonance (ESR) and chemical means. ESR studies revealed a radical concentration of 1.0 × 1021 spins/g for the crude polymer. Workup with aqueous acid decreased the value to 1.5 × 1018 spins/g. Reactions of the polymer with certain nucleophiles followed the half-regeneration mechanism, whereas with others, electron transfer mainly occurred. The origin of halogen in the polymer was found to arise from reaction of the radical cation with the oxidant, and not with halide during workup. Oxidation of PPP with various species increased the concentration of radical cations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170190202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymers containing polynuclear aromatics linked by one-carbon bridges (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 2037-2044 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Friedel-Crafts polymerization ; poly(arylene methylene)s ; synthesis ; polymers of naphthalene ; anthracene ; phenanthrene ; IR ; 1H and 13C-NMR ; soluble ; insoluble ; thermal stability ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conversion of naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene to polymeric material via Friedel-Crafts chemistry was investigated. Synthesis of the polymers was accomplished by: (1) self-condensation of the chloromethylated aromatic substrate in the presence of AlCl3 or SnCl4 or (2) treatment with chloromethyl ethyl ether (CMEE) and SnCl4, producing the chloromethylated substrate in situ, followed by self-condensation polymerization. Soluble or insoluble polymers were preferentially produced by varying the stoichiometry, time, or temperature of the reaction. The resulting polymers consisted of the polycyclic aromatic nuclei bridged by methylene groups. The regiochemistry of the polymer linkages was determined through the use of IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR. The polymers showed relatively high thermal and thermo-oxidative stabilities (380-495°C). © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300930
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A refinement of the terpolymer equation and its simple extension to two- and four-component systems (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 2481-2497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: chain copolymers ; radical ; ionic ; terpolymers ; tetrapolymers ; multicomponent polymers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Terpolymer composition estimation with an established equation has been found to give results that vary with the feed monomer ratio substitution pattern used. A new copolymer equation has been derived that overcomes this difficulty to give the same composition results regardless of the order of monomer substitution. The new equation also gives comparable or better agreement with experimentally determined copolymer compositions than obtained by use of the established Alfrey-Goldfinger terpolymer equation. In addition, this new terpolymer equation demonstrates a versatility not shown by the present terpolymer equations in that it can be readily adapted by inspection to enable estimation of copolymer compositions for two- or for four-component polymer systems. It is also readily adaptable for copolymers with more than four components, and may also be valid for composition estimation of these because of the derivation method used, although it has not as yet been possible to test this possibility. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-Soluble imide-amide copolymers. I. Preparation and characterization of poly [acrylamide-co-sodium N-(4-sulfophenyl) maleimide]Presented at the 72nd Canadian Chemical Conference, Victoria, British Columbia, June 4-8, 1989.Dedicated to the memory of Dr. W. M. Leung (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 2949-2968 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sodium N-(4-sulfophenyl) maleimide (SPMI) and its saturated succinimide counterpart were first prepared according to established methods. Hydrolysis experiments on these monomers monitored by 1H-NMR showed that although SPMI monomer was about 15% hydrolyzed in D2O at 23°C in 24 h. Sodium N-(4-sulfophenyl) succinimide, which is similar in structure to the imide units in the copolymers, was only 1% hydrolyzed after 18 days at 23°C and 29% hydrolyzed after 18 days at 60°C. This indicated that the saturated imide rings in the copolymer might be sufficiently stable to hydrolysis for the copolymers to be useful. However, hydrolysis at high pH demonstrated that the imide rings would be rapidly saponified under alkaline conditions, destroying the structural rigidity that the intact rings might have provided in the copolymer chains. Sodium N-(4-sulfophenyl) maleimide (SPMI) was copolymerized with acrylamide in water at 30°C without cleavage of the imide ring. Water-soluble poly [acrylamide-co-sodium-N-(4-sulfophenyl) maleimide] (PAMSM) samples containing from 7.4 to 64 mol % imide were prepared. Photoacoustic FTIR and 13C-NMR spectra were used to confirm the structure of the copolymers obtained. Elemental analysis was used to determine the imide content of the copolymers, and from this composition data reactivity ratios were calculated for the two component monomers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080281106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-Soluble imide-amide copolymers. II. Preparation and characterization of poly (acrylamide-co-p-maleimidobenzoic acid)Presented at the 72nd Canadian Chemical Conference, Victoria, British Columbia, June 4-8, 1989.Dedicated to the memory of W. M. Leung (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 2969-2982 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The comonomer required, p-maleimidobenzoic acid (MBA) was first prepared in good yield by refinements of published methods. p-Carboxysuccinanilic acid (CSA), and p-succinimidobenzoic acid (SBA), were also prepared to provide models useful for IR and NMR for spectroscopic assignments of the new copolymers. Polymerization of MBA with acrylamide in glacial acetic acid at 60°C gave copolymers with estimated viscosity average molecular weights of 60,000 to 90,000. Yields and viscosity average molecular weights decreased as the MBA to acrylamide monomer feed ratio was increased. The rate of incorporation of MBA into the copolymer rose from 7 to 23% when the mole ratio in the feed was raised from 5 to 20%. Decreasing the initiator concentration increased molecular weights by less than predicted and reduced the yield of copolymer for any given feed ratio of MBA to acrylamide. In all cases about 30-40% of the MBA units in the purified copolymers were hydrolyzed. A change to dimethyl sulfoxide solvent gave good, and poor yields of copolymer at 5 and 10 mol % MBA, respectively, and no copolymer at 20 mol % MBA. Viscosity average molecular weights of the copolymer products prepared in DMSO were somewhat lower than obtained for the copolymers prepared in acetic acid. Polymerization in a DMSO-water mixture gave a negligible yield of polymeric product. Instead, only hydrolysates of MBA precipitated when the coloured polymerization solutions were added to methanol.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080281107
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