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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 51-58 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of large-diameter pipes made of hard polyethyleneWith the aid of numerous illustrations, the applications of polyethylene pipes of relatively large diameters are surveyed. A special account is given of the advantages which such pipes may offer under different installation conditions. Especially in the Scandinavian countries  -  Norway, Finland and Sweden  -  where pipes are laid in the open even during the winter months, the toughness of hard polyethylene, even at low temperatures, is found to be a particular advantage. A special problem is posed by the need for a reliable jointing of large-diameter pipes. It is shown that, if the necessary conditions are adhered to, and if suitable aids are used, it is possible to obtain reliable butt welds, both between one pipe and another, and between pipe and welding collar. Such welding collars can be made in different ways. For instance, a mould is filled with the aid of an extruder and a rough cast prepared which, after cooling, is machined on a lathe. Pipes made of hard polyethylene are used not only for drinking water pipes but also for special purposes, e. g. cable protection pipes. For this purpose, a special technique, known as jetting method, is sometimes used for laying pipes across water.
    Notes: Anhand einer großen Anzahl van Bildern wird über den Einsatz van Rohren relativ großen Durchmessers aus Hart-Polyäthylen berichtet. Dabei wird auch auf die Vorteile, die solche Rohre unter den verschiedensten Verlegebedingungen bieten, näher eingegangen. Gerade in skandinavischen Ländern wie Norwegen, Finnland und Schweden, wo auch während der Wintermonate Rohrverlegungen im Freien stattfinden, erweist sich die gute Zähigkeit von Hart-Polyäthylen auch in der Kälte von besonderem Vorteil. Ein besonderes Problem stellt die zuverlässige Verbindung von Rohren großen Durchmessers der. Es wird gezeigt, daß bei Einhaltung der erforderlichen Bedingungen und bei Verwendung geeigneter Hilfsgeräte einwandfreie Stumpfschweißungen sowohl der Rohre untereinander als auch von Rohr und Vorschweißbund erzielt werden können. Die Herstellung solcher Vorschweißbunde kann auf verschiedene Arten vorgenommen werden; z. B. wird mit Hilfe eines Extruders eine Form gefüllt und durch Pressen ein Rohling hergestellt, der nach dem Erkalten auf einer Drehbank bearbeitet wird. Neben der Verwendung van Rohren aus Hart-Polyäthylen für Trinkwasserleitungen werden sie auch für Spezialzwecke, wie z. B. Kabelschutzrohre, eingesetzt. Dabei wird in manchen Fällen eine besondere Verlegetechnik beim Durchqueren van Gewässern, das sog. Einspülverfahren, angewandt.
    Additional Material: 36 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sechs verschiedene segmentierte Copolyetherester basierend auf Polybutylenterephthalat als hartem und Oligotetramethylenoxidglykol als weichem Segment wurden untersucht. Der Gewichtsbruch der Hartsegmente lag zwischen 0,26 und 0,72, und die Weichsegmente hatten Molgewichte von entweder 1000 oder 2000. Das Schmelz-, Rekristallisations- und Temperverhalten sowie Relaxationsphanomene wurden untersucht; letzteres mit Hilfe eines Torsionspendels.Die DSC-Daten zeigen, daI3 nur ein kleiner Teil aller Hartsegmente kristallisiert. Sequenzen, die kiirzer oder langer als die mittlere Sequenzlange sind, kristallisieren nicht, sondern bilden zusammen mit den Weichsegmenten eine homogene amorphe Matrix, in die die kristallinen Domanen eingebettet sind. Diese Domanen werden infolge kalten Flusses unter Spannung vollstandig zerstort, bilden sich jedoch bei Temperung der verstreckten Proben wieder aus. Man beobachtet ein exponentielles Anwachsen der Langperiode mit zunehmender Tempertemperatur, wobei der Schmelzpunkt konstant bleibt. Die Sequenzlangenverteilung scheint keinen EinfluB auf das Temperverhalten zu haben.
    Notes: Six different segmented copolyether-esters based on polybutyleneterephthalate as the hard and oligotetramethylene oxide glycols as the soft segments were studied. The weight fraction of the hard segments varied between 0.26 and 0.72 and the soft segment had an average molecular weight of either 1000 or 2000. The melting, recrystallization, and annealing behavior was studied as well as the relaxation behavior via measurement by a torsion pendulum. The DSC-data indicate that only a small fraction of all hard segment sequences crystallize. Sequences shorter or longer than the average sequence length do not crystallize but together with the soft segments form a homogeneous amorphous matrix in which the crystalline domains are embedded. These domains are completely destroyed by cold flow under stress but are formed again on annealing the stretched sample. An exponential increase of the long spacing is observed with increasing annealing temperature without change in melting temperature. The sequence distribution does not seem to influence the annealing behavior.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: About 340 g of a cycloaliphatic ionene (see formula given in the introduction) were fractionated by a continuous counter-current extraction method (CPF). The efficiency of the separation was checked by viscometry and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Ten different fractions with number average molecular masses between 16 000 and 29 000 D were obtained and their glass transition temperatures Tg determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for their bromide and tetrafluoroborate salts. No molecular weight dependence of Tg was found, in contrast to recently reported results with aliphatic ionenes, where  -  in case of the bromide  -  Tg increases with rising molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 48 (1997), S. 490-501 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Water-soluble diblock copolymers (DBCPs) with a polyelectrolyte block are accessible by sequential anionic polymerization of tert-butylmethacrylate (TBMA) and ethylene oxide (EO), followed by polymer analogous conversion of the PTBMA into poly(methyacrylic acid) (PMAA) blocks. These materials are highly efficient dispersants for oxide ceramic powders in aqueous media. A series of block copolymer samples with Mn ranging from 1300 to 38 900, and (EO:MAA) block length ratios from 0.5 to 11.7 were prepared with polydispersities close to 1.2. The influence of overall molecular weight and block length ratio, pH and ionic strength on the stability of aqueous α-Al2O3 suspensions was investigated by sedimentation and adsorption experiments, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electrokinetic measurements. The copolymers are capable of stabilizing alumina suspensions by a combination of specific adsorption of one block on the particle surface and a shielding effect provided by the nonadsorbing block. In addition, the adsorption of the negatively charged PMAA block on the oppositely charged alumina surface reverses the electrophoretic potential of the oxide particles, a process which is strongly pH dependent. With respect to the powder dispersing efficiency, an optimum was found when the DBCP consisted of a short PMAA anchoring and an approximately tenfold longer PEO stabilizer block with an overall molecular weight of about 5000. Alumina suspensions with the DBCP added were highly dispersed and rather stable against salt addition in a much wider pH window than block-copolymer-free suspensions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Amphiphilic diblock copolymers were prepared by anionic copolymerization of t.-butylmethacrylate (TBMA) with methylmethacrylate (MMA) and n-butylmethacrylate (NBMA) respectively, followed by polymer analogous conversion of the TBMA-into methacrylic acid- (MAA) blocks. These materials are highly efficient dispersants for oxide and nitride ceramic powders. A series of samples with Mn ranging from 4.000 to 135.000, and with block length ratios from 0.5 to 14 (MMA/MAA) with polydispersities close to 1.0 were obtained.The influence of total molecular weight and block length distribution of the copolymers and quality of the solvent system on their interaction with α-Al2O3 were studied by sedimentation, adsorption experiments and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The acrylic diblock copolymers are adsorbed irreversibly at the alumina surface. The conformation of the adsorbed macromolecules depends on the “quality” of the solvent. With respect to powder dispersing efficiency, an optimum is found when the polymers consist of short anchoring and stabilizing blocks.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 46 (1995), S. 233-240 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of comb-like ionenes with aliphatic side chains of different length and organic main chain spacer groups of different size have been synthesized by the step-growth polymerization of long aliphatic chain-substituted diamines with α,ω-dibromoalkanes. Highly ordered films of layered structure have been obtained by solution casting. The long side chains crystallize with an interdigitating hexagonal packing perpendicular to the film plane. The perfection of the side chain packing is related to the size of the spacer group in the main chain as well as to the valence of the counterions, but also depends on the thermal history of the samples. It is in all cases comparable to the quality of aliphatic chain packing in LB multilayers of surfactants. The comb-like ionenes exhibit liquid-crystalline textures above their side chain melting transition.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Chloromethylbutadiene has been converted to quaternary ammonium and sulfonium monomers which have been polymerized at room temperature. They show a very great tendency to dimerize on heating in water solution. The aqueous quaternary monomer dimerized 25 times as fast as the aqueous sulfonium monomer and nearly 105 times as fast as neat isoprene at 50°C. The quaternary monomer dimerized with itself in a water solution to which 2-hydroxymethylbutadiene has been added as an example of a nonionic diene. The latter monomer did not dimerize rapidly in water, nor did 2-aminomethylbutadiene. The hydrochlorides of 2-aminomethylbutadiene and 2-dimethylaminomethylbutadiene dimerized at rates comparable to that of the sulfonium monomer. Poly 2-chloromethylbutadiene contains reactive chlorine except for the structure resulting from the minor extent of 1,2 addition. Water-soluble derivatives have been made from it with nucleophilic tertiary amines and sulfides. Cationic polymers are substantive to paper pulp, and the sulfonium polymers can be cured in paper to give improved wet strength.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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