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  • 1
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Beziehung zwischen Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit und Struktur der während der Polymerisation entstehenden Polymerkristalle wurde für die kationische Polymerisation von 1,3,5-Trioxan und 1,3,5,7-Tetroxocan („Tetroxan“) in Lösung untersucht. Es wurden folgende Monomer/Lösungsmittel Paare gewählt : Tetroxan/Nitrobenzol (I), Tetroxan/l,2-Dichloräthan (II), 1,3,5-Trioxan/chloriertes Paraffin (III) und 1,3,5-Trioxan/n-Paraffin (IV). Das in allen Fällen hergestellte Poly(oxymethylen), (POM), wurde nach Molekulargewicht, Röntgenkristallinität und dem Schmelzverhalten mit Hilfe der Differentialkalorimetrie, (DSC), charakterisiert. Für die Systeme I und II, wo die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit sehr groß war, wurde auf Grund der mit DSC erhaltenen Ergebnisse eine aus gefalteten Ketten bestehende Struktur gefunden. Bei höherem Umsatz im System II weist das Schmelzverhalten von POM jedoch auf eine gestreckt-kettige Struktur hin. Für die Systeme III und IV, wo die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit sehr langsam verläuft, kann aus den DSC-Ergebnissen in beiden Systemen aufzwei Kristallstrukturen geschlossen werden. Eine davon kann auf Grund der Überhitzungserscheinungen und auf Grund von Tempereffekten gestreckt-kettiges POM darstellen. Die andere Kristallstruktur zeigt kein eindeutiges Schmelzverhalten, weshalb aus den DSC-Ergebnissen allein die Struktur nicht zu bestimmen ist.
    Notes: A relationship between the rate of polymerization and the structure of the as-polymerized crystals is investigated in the cationic polymerization in solution of 1,3,5-trioxane and 1,3,5,7-tetroxocane. The monomer/solvent reaction systems chosen were: 1,3,5,7-tetroxocane/nitrobenzene (I); 1,3,5,7-tetroxocane/l,2-dichloroethane (II), 1,3,5-trioxane/chlorinated parafin (III), and 1,3,5,7-trioxane/normal paraffin (IV). The poly(oxymethylene), (POM), obtained in each case was characterized as to molecular weight, X-ray cristallinity and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The data from the DSC curves indicated a folded chain structure for systems I and II, where the rate pf polymerization was very high. However in system II at high polymer conversion a fraction of POM appears with a melting behaviour characteristic of an extended chain structure. For systems III and IV, where the rate of polymerization was very low, the DSC curves indicated the presence of two crystal forms. One of these forms shows a clear response to overheating and annealing treatments, which indicates the presence of an extended chain structure. The second form shows ambiguous melting behaviour and by thermal data alone it is impossible to determine its structure.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 2169-2184 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Morphologie von Poly(oxymethylen), (POM), Kristallen, die aus verschiedenen Monomer/Lösungsmittel Polymerisationsystemen hergestellt worden waren, wurden mittels Elektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Die aus 1,3,5,7-Tetroxocan („Tetroxan“) in Nitrobenzol entstehenden POM Kristalle zeigen eine lamellare Morphologie mit undefinierter hexagonaler Form. Andererseits wurden neue rhombische POM Kristalle bei der Polymerisation von Tetroxan in 1,2-Dichloräthan erhalten. Beide Kristallarten zeigen wahrscheinlich eine Struktur mit gefalteten Ketten. Federartige Kristalle mit seitlich fibrillärem Wachstum wurden bei der Polymerisation von 1,3,5-Trioxan in n-Paraffin gefunden. Eine große Zahl von Kristallen verschiedener Morphologien wurde bei der Polymerisation von 1,3,5-Trioxan in chloriertem Parafin erhalten, die in zwei hauptsächliche Gruppen eingeteilt werden können: Eine Gruppe besteht aus veränderten federartigen Kristallen, während die andere mehr geometrisch dreieckige und rhombisch geformte Plättchen umfaßt. Alle diese Kristalle zeigen seitliches fibrilläres Wachstum, so daß am Ende der Polymerisation eine übenviegend fibrilläre Morphologie zu beobachten ist. Es wird angenommen, daß alle diese Kristalle eine gestrecktkettige Struktur aufweisen.
    Notes: The morphology of poly(oxymethylene), (POM), crystals obtained from different monomer/solvent polymerization systems was studied by means of electron microscope techniques. POM obtained from 1,3,5,7-tetroxocane in nitrobenzene had an irregular hexagonoidal shaped lamellar morphology, while rhombic POM crystals were obtained from the polymerization of 1,3,5,7-tetroxocane in 1,2-dichloroethane. Both types of crystals probably have a folded chain structure. POM obtained from 1,3,5-trioxane in normal (unbranched) paraffin represented the feather-like crystals with proliferating lateral growths. POM obtained from 1,3,5-trioxane in chlorinated paraffin presented numerous crystals of different morphologies. Two main groups could be discerned: one consisted of variations of the basic feather-like crystal, while the other comprised more geometrically triangular and orthorhombic morphologies. All these crystals presented lateral growths, and toward the end of the polymerization a fibrous morphology prevailed. Evidence points to their being crystals of an extended chain structure.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 923-936 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Pole figure analysis has been applied to different types of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) samples. Drawn samples of formulations containing increasing amounts of plasticizer show that the presence of plasticizer at concentrations exceeding 20 pph decreases the orientation of the crystalline phase for a given draw ratio. Cast and pressed films of PVC show incipient orientation in the plane of the films. This orientation can be removed to a great extent by immersing the films in diethyl ether. The method is experimentally feasible and the resolution achieved is determined by the automation of the equipment.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 955-967 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyacrylamides can be readily characterized using techniques such as IR spectroscopy, 13C-NMR, elementary analysis, TGA, and x-ray diffraction. The first three techniques can also be used quantitatively to measure the degree of hydrolysis of the polymers, without the need to know accurately the weight of the sample. The presence of inorganic salts, such as Na2SO4, Na4(CO3)SO4, and Na2CO3, is readily detected via IR or wide-angle x-ray diffraction. No evidence of crystallinity is found in the samples studied.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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