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  • Nicotine  (3)
  • Polysilanes  (2)
  • Aromatizität  (1)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pre-abstinence smoke intake and smoking motivation as predictors of severity of cigarette withdrawal symptoms (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 87 (1985), S. 334-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Withdrawal ; Cigarette ; Nicotine ; Dependence ; Motivation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Twenty-nine cigarette smokers completed a smoking motivation questionnaire and had expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) and plasma nicotine concentrations measured prior to abstaining from smoking for 24 h. Before and after the abstinence period, the subjects rated mood and physical symptoms known to be affected by cigarette abstinence (e.g. irritability, restlessness). Scores on the “dependent smoking” subscale of the smoking motivation questionnaire correlated significantly with overall withdrawal severity, craving, and increased irritability. “Indulgent smoking” scores correlated positively with increased hunger. Pre-abstinence plasma nicotine concentration significantly pedicted craving, hunger, restlessness, inability to concentrate and overall withdrawal severity, while expired-air CO predicted craving and restlessness only. Usual daily cigarette consumption did not significantly predict any withdrawal effects. The data indicate that pre-abstinence measures of smoking motivation and smoke intake may provide a guide to withdrawal severity on smoking cessation and that smokers with a high pre-abstinence nicotine intake experience the greatest discomfort.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432717
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nicotine addiction: a re-analysis of the arguments (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 108 (1992), S. 408-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Smoking ; Nicotine ; Dependence ; Addiction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This paper evaluates the arguments put forward by Robinson and Pritchard (R&P, this volume) that the conclusions of the US Surgeon General (USDHHS 1988) that nicotine is addictive were ill founded. R&P state that nicotine does not cause intoxication, that many smokers do not exhibit compulsive use, that nicotine is not a euphoriant, that nicotine is a weak reinforcer in other species, that non-pharmacological aspects of smoking are important and that negative affect control accounts for more of the variance in questionnaire measures of smoking motives than does habit. This paper points out that intoxication and a euphoriant effect are not normally considered to be central to dependence potential, that no addictive drug results in compulsive use in all users in all situations, that animals do reliably self-administer nicotine, that evidence concerning the apparent importance of non-pharmacological components of smoking do not diminish the importance of pharmacological aspects and that “variance accounted for” of self-report measures of smoking motivation do not bear on the issue of the importance of those motives. The paper concludes with a summary of the essence of the argument that cigarettes are addictive and that nicotine is the primary focus of that addiction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247413
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Function of cigarette smoking in relation to examinations (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 108 (1992), S. 456-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Smoking ; Nicotine ; Examination anxiety ; Stress ; Arousal
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Eighty-two college students took part in a study on motives underlying increases in cigarette smoking prior to examinations. One group was tested a month before, and a second group was tested the day before, the start of examinations. Measures were taken of current cigarette consumption, general anxiety, anxiety about forthcoming exams, the importance of sedative and stimulant smoking motives, hours spent revising and in other activities and amount smoked during these activities. The results indicated that the students increased the hours they spent revising and there was a corresponding increase in the number of cigarettes smoked during this activity. They also reported an increase in the importance of stimulant smoking motives. Anxiety levels increased in the run up to exams but there was no increase in sedative smoking motives. The results raise the issue of whether any anxiolytic action of nicotine may be limited to acute stressors and also whether smokers' use of cigarettes to help them stay alert during revision translates into improved examination performance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247421
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ethynylene-disilanylene copolymers (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 1 (1991), S. 545-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Schlagwort(e): Polysilanes ; sigma-pi conjugation ; mesophases ; polymer crystals
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Polymers of structure (SiR2SiR2-C ≡ C-SiR2′SiR2′-C ≡ C) n , in which ethynylene units alternate with disilylene units, have been prepared by two routes: (a) condensation of dichlorodisilanes with dilithium derivatives of 1,2-diethynyldisilanes and (b) ring-opening polymerization of strained cyclic disilanylene-acetylnes, (SiR2SiR2C ≡ C)2. The polymers display UV absorption near 240 nm indicative of σ − π conjugation between the Si2 and the C ≡ C moieties. Polymers with R=R′=n-Bu or R=n-Bu, R′=Ph, undergo solid-state transitions to form liquid crystalline mesophases resembling those observed for many poly(silylenes). Single crystals were obtained for the polymer with R=R′=CH3, by precipitation from dilute cyclohexane solution. The solid-state properties and structures of this family of polymers are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00683516
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Das Dianion von Tetraphenylgermol ist aromatischDiese Arbeit wurde durch Mittel der National Science Foundation, der Israel-US Binational Science Foundation und der German-Israelian Foundation (GIF) unterstützt. Wir danken Youngshang Pak für wertvolle Mitarbeit. T. M. dankt Prof. Dr. N. Auner für sein Interesse und für die Unterstützung bei der Durchführung der Arbeit. (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 108 (1996), S. 1095-1097 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Aromatizität ; Germaniumverbindungen ; Germole ; Strukturaufklärung ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19961080925
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photoinitiation of vinyl polymerization by polysilanes (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 7-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Schlagwort(e): Polysilanes ; photoinitiation ; polymerisation ; vinyl monomers ; thin films ; photolysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polysilanes were found to photoinitiate the polymerization of a variety of vinyl monomers including methyl methacrylate, styrene, ethyl acrylate and acrylic acid. Polymerization initiated by polysilane photolysis is rather insensitive to oxygen inhibition, which may make it especially suitable for polymerization of thin films. The initiation efficiency of poly(phenylmethylsilylene) in styrene was determined from dilatometry data to be 1 × 10-3. This rather low efficiency is counterbalanced by the very high extinction coefficient of polysilane polymers, ca. 4-8 × 103 per silicon atom. Possible reasons for the low initiation efficiency and reduced oxygen inhibition of polysilane photoinitiators are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590010103
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