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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postural strategies associated with somatosensory and vestibular loss (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 82 (1990), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Posture ; Somatosensory ; Vestibular ; Movement ; EMG ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study examines the roles of somatosensory and vestibular information in the coordination of postural responses. The role of somatosensory information was examined by comparing postural responses of healthy control subjects prior to and following somatosensory loss due to hypoxic anesthesia of the feet and ankles. The role of vestibular information was evaluated by comparing the postural responses of control subjects and patients with bilateral vestibular loss. Postural responses were quantified by measuring 1) spatial and temporal characteristics of leg and trunk EMG activation; 2) ankle, knee, and hip joint kinematics, and 3) surface forces in response to anterior and posterior surface translations under different visual and surface conditions. Results showed that neither vestibular nor somatosensory loss resulted in delayed or disorganized postural responses. However, both types of sensory deficits altered the type of postural response selected under a given set of conditions. Somatosensory loss resulted in an increased hip strategy for postural correction, similar to the movement strategy used by control subjects while standing across a shortened surface. Vestibular loss resulted in a normal ankle strategy but lack of a hip strategy, even when required for the task of maintaining equilibrium on a shortened surface. Neither somatosensory nor vestibular loss resulted in difficulty in utilizing remaining sensory information for orientation during quiet stance. These results support the hypothesis that cutaneous and joint somatosensory information from the feet and ankles may play an important role in assuring that the form of postural movements are appropriate for the current biomechanical constraints of the surface and/or foot. The results also suggest that vestibular information is necessary in controlling equilibrium in a task requiring use of the hip strategy. Thus, both somatosensory and vestibular sensory information play important roles in the selection of postural movement strategies appropriate for their environmental contexts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230848
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direction and amplitude precuing has no effect on automatic posture responses (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 84 (1991), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Posture ; Movement precuing ; Cerebellar disease ; Parkinson's disease ; Motor control ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Automatic postural responses of leg muscles to the sudden displacement of standing support were investigated under four different conditions of information given to subjects in advance. Results from three groups of subjects were compared: 6 normal subjects, 10 patients with cerebellar disease, and 9 patients with Parkinson's disease. Specifically, each subject was provided with visual information about the direction and/or the amplitude of an upcoming platform tilt. For the control situation no advance information on the characteristics of platform tilt was provided. Neither the latencies nor the integrals of postural EMG-responses showed alterations with advance information. In contrast, in a control experiment in which 3 normal subjects had to perform large or small forward or backward voluntary movements of the body around the ankle joint, shorter onset-latencies of leg muscle EMG responses were observed with increasing complexity of the advance information. These results suggest that, unlike voluntary movements, postural responses to rapid surface tilts do not benefit from advance visual information on direction or amplitude of a postural disturbance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231777
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of postural ataxia after intake of alcohol (1983)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 90 (1983), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Alcohol, effect on the spinocerebellum ; Posturography ; Alkohol, Wirkung auf Spinocerebellum ; Posturographie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Alkoholwirkung auf die Standsicherheit wurde in einem Akutexperiment bei 12 gesunden Versuchspersonen untersucht. Sie tranken innerhalb 1h 11 Wein. Die danach gemessenen Blutalkoholspiegel lagen zwischen 0,9 und 1,67 mg/ml. Die Standmessung am Ende der Trinkphase und 1h danach ergab bei geschlossenen Augen eine signifikante Zunahme der Körperunruhe, vor allem durch vermehrtes antero-posteriores Schwanken. Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse der Posturographie im Akut-experiment und bei Patienten mit umschriebenen cerebellären Läsionen verschiedener Lokalisation zeigt, daß auch im Akutexperiment, wie durch den chronischen Abusus, vor allem das Spinocerebellum durch den Alkohol in seiner Funktion beeinträchtigt wird.
    Notes: Summary The effect of an acute intoxication with alcohol on the stability of stance was examined in 12 healthy subjects. They drank 11 of wine within 1h. The resulting blood alcohol concentrations ranged between 0.9 and 1.67 mg/ml. Static posturography at the end of drinking and 1h later revealed a significant increase in body sway which was mainly due to an increase in anteroposterior sway only present with closed eyes. A comparison of the results of posturography after acute intoxication with the data of patients with permanent lesions confined to the different functional subunits of the cerebellum shows that the acute effect of alcohol largely resembles that of a chronic lesion of the cerebellar anterior lobe (the spinocerebellum).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02116226
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The coordination of posture and voluntary movement in patients with hemiparesis (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 240 (1993), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Hemiparesis ; Posture ; Voluntary movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Postural adjustments associated with the task of raising oneself on tiptoes were investigated in a reaction time paradigm in six normal subjects and six patients with hemiparesis due to stroke. Body and ankle position in space were measured by means of a movement analysis system (ELITE). The findings indicate that the task of going up on tiptoes is performed in two steps. First, the centre of gravity is shifted forward to a position per pendicular to the forefoot. This movement is initiated by a phasic burst of EMG activity in the tibialis anterior (TA). The activity of the quadriceps femoris (QUA) aids the forward shift and together with the biceps femoris (BF) stabilizes the knee. Following these postural adjustments, the action of going up on tip-toes is performed mainly by the gastrocnemius medialis (MG). The basic pattern of preparatory (TA, QUA, BF) and focal (MG) activity was disturbed in its temporal sequence in patients with hemiparesis. The analysis of the biomechanical data showed smaller movement velocities for leaning forward and going up on tiptoes in patients, with increased duration of going up on tiptoes and decreased movement amplitude on the paretic side. In addition, the correlation between the start of horizontal (leaning forward) and vertical (going up on tiptoes) hip movement was lost in patients. The preserved correlation between the latency of MG activity and the onset of the vertical hip movement on the paretic side in patients and the loss of correlation on the non-paretic side indicates that the EMG activity on the healthy side is adapted to the functional requirements of the affected side. The findings demonstrate that preparatory and executional activity are not programmed as a unit, but are more likely to be generated by a hierachically organized structure using proprioceptive and exteroceptive feedback.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00857522
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of ataxia in alcoholic cerebellar atrophy through alcohol abstinence (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 231 (1984), S. 258-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Alcoholic atrophy ; Alcohol abstinence ; Posturography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Postural instability was measured and short, medium and long latency EMG responses to angular displacement of the ankle were recorded from leg muscles in a group of 17 alcoholics who presented with clinical signs of cerebellar atrophy of the anterior lobe. Recordings were performed twice (average interval 18.5 months) to determine the effects of continued drinking versus abstinence on the signs of the cerebellar damage. Patients who were abstinent (n=11) exhibited a significant, sometimes dramatic decrease of body sway whereas patients who continued drinking (n=6) showed increased body sway when the eyes were closed. Short and medium latency EMG responses were unaltered in both groups of patients. The integral of the long latency response of the antagonist tended to increase with continued abuse and to decrease in abstinent patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313662
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of peripheral neuropathy and cerebellar ataxia in chronic alcoholics (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 233 (1986), S. 212-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Alcoholic neuropathy ; Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration ; Posturography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 78 chronic alcoholics were examined neurologically as well as by electroneurography, myography and posturography. Clinical signs of peripheral neuropathy were detected in 45% of these patients, with electromyographic and neurographic abnormality in 67% and 55% respectively. Clinical signs of cerebellar ataxia were found in 33% of our patients, whereas posturographic measurements of increased sway were recorded in 69%. The posturographic characteristics of cerebellar anterior lobe atrophy were observed in two-thirds of the latter patients. The severity of cerebellar-ataxia did not correlate with the degree of neuropathy. This lack of correlation is interpreted as an indication of different pathogenetic mechanisms acting on peripheral nerves and cerebellum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314021
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar dysfunction in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma: clinical and posturographic findings (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 235 (1988), S. 290-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Posturography ; Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration ; Cortical cerebellar atrophy ; Bronchogenic carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurological examination and posturography showed cerebellar signs in 13 of 50 unselected patients with bronchogenic carcinoma not complicated by other diseases. The occurrence of cerebellar signs did not depend on the histological type of tumour or the extent of tumour spread. Most of the clinically affected patients had mild to pronounced cerebellar atrophy, revealed by CT. The correlation between the amount of CT-confirmed atrophy and the severity of clinical symptoms, however, was poor. Since other reasons for cerebellar dysfunction (e.g. chemotherapy, chronic alcoholism, metastases) were excluded, cerebellar signs were attributed to paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration or to a consequence of severe neoplastic illness. The high incidence of cerebellar dysfunction in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma confirms the frequent histopathological finding of cortical cerebellar degeneration in malignant disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314176
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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