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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Prostacyclin ; Thromboxane A2 ; Small intestine ; Mesenteric vasculature ; Fasting ; Semistarvation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) by the mucosal and muscular portions of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and ascending colon, as well as that by mesenteric vessels, was investigated in starved and semistarved rats. The jejunal mucosa and muscularis showed a marked increase in PGI2 synthesis after fasting for 48 h and 72 h or semistarvation for 9 days when compared with controls. Jejunal TXA2 synthesis did not alter. In contrast, PGI2 and TXA2 synthesis in ileal mucosa and muscularis was significantly reduced after fasting for 48 h, 72 h and semistarvation for 9 days. PGI2 and TXA2 synthesis by duodenal and colonic muscularis was unaffected by fasting or semistarvation. PGI2 synthesis in mesenteric vessels was significantly increased by fasting and semistarvation. No changes in PGI2 or TXA2 were detected at 24 h in fasted rats in any of the tissues studied when compared with controls. These selective changes in PGI2/TXA2 secretion may be important mediators of adaptive changes in the small intestine in response to starvation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key words Diabetic cystopathy ; Rabbit ; Cyclic AMP ; Cyclic GMP ; Prostacyclin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dysfunction of the urinary bladder is a recognised complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) which has been attributed, in part, to a direct effect on bladder smooth muscle tissue. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of alloxan-induced DM on endogenous modulators of smooth muscle tone such as cyclic AMP (cAMP), cyclic GMP (cGMP) and prostaglandins. Male New Zealand white rabbits were rendered diabetic (hyperosmolar, non-ketotic) with an i.v. injection of alloxan. After 6 months, the urinary bladders and urethrae were excised, cut into segments, incubated with stimulators and the formation of prostaglandins (PG), cAMP and cGMP measured using radioimmunoassays. PGE2 and PGI2 formation was impaired in response to arachidonic acid stimulation, whereas it was increased in response to acetylcholine in DM detrusor, bladder neck and urethra compared to controls. Cyclic AMP and cGMP formation in response to forskolin and sodium nitroprusside, respectively, was significantly reduced in the DM tissues of the lower urinary tract compared to the control. Alterations in the formation of prostaglandins, cAMP and cGMP by the smooth muscle of DM lower urinary tract suggests that these biochemical mediators may have a pathophysiological role in the urinary bladder dysfunction associated with DM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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