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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum-cholesterol-lowering effect of metronidazole and possible mechanisms of action (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 279-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Metronidazole ; Bile acids ; Cholesterol absorption ; Serum cholesterol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In five patients with Crohn's disease long-term therapy with metronidazole (400 mg b.i.d.) was followed by a significant reduction of total serum cholesterol from 179 mg/dl to 156 mg/dl, 134 mg/dl, and 143 mg/dl, after 2–4 months, 6 months, and 9–12 months, respectively. Lipoprotein analysis before and after 3 weeks of administration of metronidazol (400 mg/day) to five normolipemic volunteers revealed that LDL-cholesterol was reduced by 21% (P〈0.05), whereas HDL-cholesterol remained unchanged. Biliary secretion of cholesterol and bile acids were reduced by 13% and 20% (P〈0.05), respectively, which might suggest a decreased sterol synthesis. The amount and percentage of intestinal cholesterol absorption were decreased by 33% and 22% (P〈0.05). Thus, a possible decrease in sterol synthesis and a reduction of cholesterol absorption might be responsible for the serum-cholesterol-lowering effect of metronidazole. However, caution should be taken when considering metronidazole for long-term treatment of patients with hypercholesterolemia due to possible side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731475
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biliary lipid metabolism in children with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 143 (1984), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Chronic intrahepatic cholestasis ; Biliary lipid composition ; Bile acids ; Gallstones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Biliary lipid composition, standard liver function tests, serum lipids and faecal fat excretion were studied in 15 children with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis (severe intrahepatic cholestasis, n=6; paucity of intralobular bile ducts, n=4; benign recurrent cholestasis, n=5) and compared to 15 children without gastrointestinal diseases. Severe and benign intrahepatic cholestasis were associated with normal or moderately elevated serum lipids. Biliary lipid concentrations were extremely reduced, bile acid concentrations were below the critical micellar concentration. This may account for the high incidence of gallstone formation in these patients. Remission periods in patients with benign recurrent cholestasis were not followed by complete normalisation of biliary lipid concentrations, indicating a primary defect in hepatic excretory function. Children with paucity of intralobular bile ducts showed markedly increased serum lipids, but only a two-fold reduction in biliary lipid concentrations. Cholic acid was the predominant bile acid in bile of all cholestatic children even during remission. Neither increased levels of monohydroxy bile acids nor unusual bile acids could be identified in notable amounts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442745
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of phenobarbital on biliary lipid metabolism in children with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 143 (1984), S. 41-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Chronic intrahepatic cholestasis ; Biliary lipid composition ; Bile acids ; Phenobarbital
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of phenobarbital (5.4–7.5 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days were studied in four children with severe intrahepatic cholestasis (group I) and in four with a syndromatic type of paucity of intralobular bile ducts (group II). Phenobarbital administration resulted in a moderate improvement of pruritus in all patients. There was a significant decrease of bilirubin in serum (group I: from 4.8 to 2.7 mg/dl; group II: from 6.1 to 2.1 mg/dl); total bile acids (group I: from 416 to 337 μmol/l; group II: from 156 to 123 μmol/l) and cholesterol (group I: from 248 to 207 mg/dl; group II: from 351 to 292 mg/dl). Alkaline phosphatase activity increased from 929 to 1126 U/l in group I and from 1751 to 2360 U/l in group II. SGOT and SGPT activities remained unchanged in both groups. In group I total biliary lipid concentration and bile acid output increased from 0.09 to 0.17 g/dl and from 3.9 to 7.2 μmol/kg per 30 min, respectively. Molar percentages of cholesterol, phospholipids and bile acids in bile remained unchanged. In group II total lipid concentrations and bile acid output increased from 1.62 to 2.0 g/dl and from 27.8 to 39.1 μmol/kg per 30 min, respectively. The molar percentage of cholesterol decreased from 5.6 to 3.5 mol%. The present results indicate that short term administration of phenobarbital has only minimal effects on biliary lipid metabolism in children with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442746
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative Bestimmung des duodenogastrischen Refluxes bei verschiedenen Magenresektionsverfahren (1981)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 354 (1981), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Duodenogastric reflux ; Quantification ; Gastric resection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der duoenogastrische Reflux wurde quantitativ bei den klassischen Magenresektionsverfahren (Billroth II — mit und ohne Enteroanastomose, Billroth I), sowie bei Magengesunden bestimmt. Insgesamt wurden 43 Magenresezierte und 6 Magengesunde untersucht. Die B II-Resezierten ohne Braunsche Enteroanastomose (n = 10) wiesen einen Reflux von 50,4 ± 4,1 % (SEM) der während der Untersuchung sezernierten Gallenmenge auf. Bei den B II-Resezierten mit Braunscher Enteroanastomose (n = 15) betrug der Reflux 21,5 ± 3,7 % (SEM), bei den B I-Resezierten (n =17) 23,1 ± 3,5 (SEM). Die magengesunden Kontrollpersonen (n = 6) wiesen einen Reflux von 0,5 ± 0,4% (SEM) auf.
    Notes: Summary The duodenogastric reflux was measured quantitatively in patients with classic gastric resections (Billroth I, Billroth II with and without enteroanastomosis) as well as in patients without gastric operations. A total of 43 patients with gastric resection and 6 without gastric operation were studied. Patients operated according to B II without Braun's enteroanastomosis (n = 10) had a bile reflux of 50.4 ± 4.1 % (SEM) during the study. Patients having been operated according to B II- with Braun's-enteroanastomosis (n = 15) and those having undergone B I-operation (n = 17) had a duodenogastric reflux of 21.5 ± 3.7 % (SEM) and 23.1 ± 3.5 % (SEM), respectively. In 6 control subjects without gastric operation bile reflux into the stomach averaged 0.5 ± 0.4 % (SEM).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01271337
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lebercirrhose und duodenogastrischer Reflux —Zum Problem des hepatogenen Ulcus (1983)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 360 (1983), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Duodenogastric reflux ; Quantification ; Liver cirrhosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der duodenogastrische Reflux wurde quantitativ bei Patienten mit histologisch nachgewiesener Lebercirrhose und magen- und lebergesunden Kontrollpersonen bestimmt. Die Bestimmung des duodenogastrischen Refluxes erfolgte nach dem Gallemarkerprinzip unter Verwendung des Tricarbocyanin-Farbstoffes Indocyaningreen (ICG). Die intragastrale Konzentration von ICG wurde nach Ausheberung des Magensaftes über eine Magensonde photometrisch gemessen und der duodenogastrische Reflux in Prozent der infundierten bzw. biliär sezernierten ICG-Menge berechnet. Bromthalein wurde als zusätzlicher Marker benutzt, um eine Kontrolle über die Vollständigkeit der Magensaftelimination zu erreichen. Insgesamt wurden 15 Patienten mit Lebercirrhose und 6 magen- und lebergesunde Kontrollpersonen untersucht. Die Patienten mit Lebercirrhose wiesen einen Reflux von 2,85% ± 0,76%, die magen- und lebergesunden Kontrollpersonen (n = 6) einen Reflux von 0,45 ± 0,39 % auf. Der Unterschiediststatistischsignificant(P 〈 0,05). Die Bromthaleinaspiration betrug bei allen Lebercirrhotikern 87,95 ± 2,78 % der infundierten Menge.
    Notes: Summary Patients suffering from liver cirrhosis and patients showing no signs of liver or stomach disease (control group) were quantitatively examined for duodenogastric reflux. The duodenogastric reflux was measured by means of bile tracers. The bile tracer used in this study was the tricarbocyanin dye indocyningreen (ICG). The intra-gastric concentration of ICG was photometrically measured after gastric acid was suctioned through a stomach tube. The duodenogastric reflux was calculated in percent in terms of the infused and the biliary secreted ICG amount respectively. Bromthalein was used as an additional tracer in order to control the efficiency of peptic acid removal. A total of 15 patients suffering from liver cirrhosis and 6 patients who showed no signs of stomach or liver disease (control group) were examined. The patients with liver disease showed a reflux of 2.85% ± 0.76%, the control group (n = 6) showed a reflux of 0.45% ± 0.39%. The difference is statistically significant (P 〈 0.05). Bromthalein aspiration by all patients with liver cirrhosis was 87.95 ± 2.78% of the amount infused.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01254919
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