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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 181-192 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Locus ceruleus ; Cerulo-cortical tract ; Ascending reticular fiber ; Rat ; Fink-Heimer method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to demonstrate the ascending projection from the locus ceruleus by degeneration silver method, the nucleus was destroyed unilaterally in rats and the brains were stained by a modified Fink-Heimer method following various survival times. Additional experiments included the bilateral destruction of the locus ceruleus and the administration of 6-OH-DOPA. For the demonstration of degenerated terminals in the cerebral cortex it is essential to choose an optimal survival time of 4 or 5 days, keep the time of fixation below 1 week, and perform treatments with permanganate and with silver at 37°C. The trajectory and distribution of the cerulo-cortical tract as revealed by the silver degeneration methods is in agreement with the results of the histofluorescence method, with some minor differences. The ascending fibers run through Forel's tegmental fascicle, turn rostro-ventrally to the subthalamus, enter and cross the internal capsule, pass through the ventral part of the caudate-putamen and distribute to the entire cerebral cortex. The tract is mainly ipsilateral, though some fibers are crossing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 57 (1985), S. 537-546 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Substance P ; Facial nucleus ; Medullary reticular formation ; Axo-dendritic contacts ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution, origin and fine structure of substance P-like immunoreactive (SPI) nerve terminals in the facial nucleus of the rat were investigated by means of immunocytochemistry. SPI-terminals were concentrated in the intermediate and dorsal subnuclei of the facial nucleus. Hemi-transection of the brainstem just rostral to the facial nucleus or at the most caudal level of the medulla oblongata did not cause any change of SPI-terminals in the facial nucleus. Electrical destruction of the various parts of the medulla oblongata clearly demonstrated that SPI-terminals in the intermediate subnucleus were supplied contralaterally from the SPI-neurons in the dorsomedial part of the medullary reticular formation. Most of the SPI-terminals (85%) in the intermediate subnucleus of the facial nucleus were observed to make asymmetric synaptic contacts with large dendrites (mean diameter; 1.26 μm). It was supposed that the contact sites are located on proximal parts of the dendrite. A few SPI-terminals (6%) formed axo-somatic contacts with large perikarya filled with numerous cytoplasmic organelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Glutamate-specific antiserum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Primary sensory neurons ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We found that large cells in the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia contained glutamate-like immunoreactivity. Immunoreactive neurons were not detected in the superior cervical or pterygopalatine ganglia. These findings indicated that glutamate is a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator of large cells of sensory ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex ; Neurotensin receptor ; Photoaffinity labeling ; Purification ; Rat
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Dynorphin ; Enkephalin ; Galanin ; In situ hybridization ; Orofacial pain ; Rat ; Trigeminal nucleus caudalis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Coexistence ; Hypothalamus ; Neurotensin ; Rat ; Substance P
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 247 (1990), S. 119-121 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Aspartate aminotransferase ; Vestibular end-organ ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of mitochondrial (m-) and cytosolic (c-) aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) was examined in the vestibular ganglion neurons and sensory cells in the vestibular end-organs of rats by an indirect immunohistochemical method using antibodies specific for m- and c-AAT. Neurons in the vestibular ganglion were stained by both m- and c-AAT antibodies, but the vestibular sensory cells exhibited only m-AAT-like immunoreactivity and were not labeled by c-AAT. These findings suggested that aspartate is a neurotransmitter in the hair cells of the vestibular end-organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Fibroblast growth factor receptor ; Basic fibroblast growth factor ; Forebrain ischemia ; Astrocyte ; In situ hybridization ; Hippocampus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently, we demonstrated that transient forebrain ischemia in rats leads to an early and strong induction of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) synthesis in astrocytes in the injured brain regions. In this study, in order to clarify the targets of such raised endogenous bFGF levels, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of its receptors (flg and bek) at in the hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia induced by four-vessel occlusion for 20 min was investigated using an in situ hybridization technique. Transient forebrain ischemia induced an increase in the number of flg mRNA-positive cells from an early stage (24 h after ischemia) in the hippocampal CA1 subfield where delayed neuronal death occurred later (48–72 h after ischemia). This increase became more marked with the progression of neuronal death and was still evident in the same area 30 days later. The time course of the appearance and distribution pattern of flg mRNA-positive cells in the CA1 subfield were quite similar to those of bFGF mRNA-positive cells. On the other hand, in situ hybridization for bek mRNA showed only slight and transient (observed 72 h and 5 days after ischemia) increases in the number of mRNA-positive cells in the CA1 subfield following ischemia. The use of in situ hybridization and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry in combination demonstrated that the cells in the CA1 subfield that exhibited ischemia-induced flg or bek mRNA expression were astrocytes. These data indicate that transient forebrain ischemia induces upregulation of fibroblast growth factor-receptor expression, accompanied by increased bFGF expression in astrocytes, and suggest that the increased astrocytic bFGF levels in injured brain regions act on the astrocytes via autocrine systems and are involved in the development and maintenance of astrocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Histidine decarboxylase ; Histaminergic neurons ; Substance P ; Synaptic interaction ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The synaptic connections between histaminergic neurons and substance P (SP) afferents in the caudal magnocellular nucleus (CM) of the hypothalamus were examined using an immunoelectron microscopic mirror method. SP-immunoreactive (SP-IR) terminals made synaptic contacts with the somata, somatic spines and dendrites of histidine decarboxylase immunoreactive (HDC-IR) neurons. This suggests that SP afferents exert monosynaptic influence on the central histaminergic neuronal system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Tuberomammillary nucleus ; Histaminergic system ; E groups ; Efferent projection ; Medial preoptic area ; Inferior colliculus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The efferent projections of the five histaminergic neuronal subgroups in the tuberomammillary nucleus to the medial preoptic area (MPO) and inferior colliculus (IC) were examined by immunocytochemistry with antihistidine decarboxylase (HDC) antibodies combined with retrograde axonal tracing with Fast Blue (FB). The term “E groups” were used for the histaminergic neuronal subgroups. About 10% of the HDC-immunoreactive (HDCI) neurons were retrogradely labeled after FB injection into the MPO. The labeled neurons were not concentrated in any particular area, but were diffusely distributed bilaterally in all the subgroups. About two-thirds of the labeled neurons were observed on the side ipsilateral to the injection site and one-third on the contralateral side. The percentages of labeled neurons (double-labeled neurons/HDCI neurons) in the five subgroups were not significantly different with each other. The percentages in group E1 and E2 were particularly close, while that in group E4 resembled that in group E5. About 4% of the HDCI neurons were retrogradely labeled after the dye injections into the IC, and about half of the labeled neurons were detected on the ipsilateral side. The percentage of the double-labeled neurons in the five groups were not significantly different. Furthermore, those in E1 and E2, and in E4 and E5 were almost identical, respectively, to the situation following injection of FB into the MPO. These results indicate that each subgroup of histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus has similar efferent projections to the MPO and IC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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