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  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Keywords: Aminopterin ; Diarrhea ; Methotrexate ; Prostaglandin ; Rat ; Small intestine
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 629-632 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Methotrexate ; diarrhea ; Small intestine ; Prostaglandin ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intraperitoneal administration of methotrexate in a single dose of 40 mg/kg induces fluid accumulation in the small intestine of rats, significantly increasing jejunal PGE2 formation and simultaneously the amounts of PGE2 in the intestinal contents in vivo. Concomitantly, jejunal PGD2 and 6-keto-PGF1α generation and the amounts of these prostaglandins in the intestinal contents were significantly lowered. However, PGD2 and 6-keto-PGFα jejunal release, and the amounts of these prostaglandins found in the intestinal contents, were already low after a subletal dose (4 mg/kg) of methotrexate, whereas the jejunal release as well as the amounts in the intestinal contents of PGE2 were not altered. Fluid accumulation, the amounts of prostaglandins in the intestinal contents and jejunal release of prostaglandins are siginificantly inhibited by indomethacin. The increased jejunal synthesis of PGE2, with its enteropooling effect, may play a significant role in methotrexate-induced diarrhea in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 228 (1980), S. 351-363 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Suicide ; Clinical psychiatry ; Hospitalism ; Open-door ; Rehabilitation ; Suicid ; Klinikpsychiatrie ; Hospitalismus ; Open-door ; Rehabilitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Suicidzahlen psychiatrischer Klinikpatienten steigen in mehreren Ländern steiler an als die Aufnahmezahlen der Kliniken und als die Suicidraten der Regionen. Dies trifft auch für die eigene Klinik zu. Der klinische Suicidanstieg läßt sich aber nicht durch eine zunehmende „Vorverlegung“ von Suiciden erklären, die früher infolge der geschlosseneren Behandlung erst nach der Hospitalisierung geschehen wären. Dies zeigt die Überprüfung aller Suicidfälle der engeren Region in den letzten 20 Jahren hinsichtlich ihrer allfälligen vorangegangenen Hospitalisierungen. Auch die Zusammensetzung sowohl der Suicidierten wie aller Ausgetretenen nach Geschlecht, Alter, Hospitalisierungszahl, Hospitalisierungsdauer und Diagnose ist praktisch gleich geblieben und erklärt den klinischen Suicidanstieg nicht. In beiden Dezennien ereigneten sich die Suicide während der Hospitalisierung nach überdurchschnittlich langen, diejenigen bald (innert 3 Monaten) nach Klinikentlassung nach überdurchschnittlich kurzen letzten Hospitalisierungszeiten. Suchtkranke sind gegenüber ihrem Anteil an allen Ausgetretenen unter diesen katamnestisch Suicidierten ebenso stark übervertreten wie Depressive; Schizophrene dagegen sind untervertreten. Dem klinischen Suicidanstieg gehen liberalisierende Tendenzen der Klinikführung voran (vermehrte Ausgänge, Urlaube, Auswärtsarbeit, Abteilungsöffnungen). Die erhebliche Vermehrung der Arztstellen vermochte den Suicidanstieg nicht zu verhindern. Eine gewisse Rolle scheint der zunehmende, Hospitalismus-präventiv intendierte Rehabilitationsdruck zu spielen. Die Möglichkeiten der Suicidprävention werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In several countries the suicide rate for psychiatric inpatients has increased more than that for admissions and suicides in the general population. This was also the case in our clinic. This hypothesis was tested: today, because of more liberal management, suicides are committed during hospitalization that in an earlier and more restrictive age would have taken place after discharge. All suicides taking place 1960–1979 in the clinic's main catchment area were examined for previous hospitalization. The hypothesis was not supported. Over twenty years neither the suicide cases nor all discharged patients changed significantly in distribution of age, sex, number of previous admissions, duration of hospitalization, or diagnosis. Therefore, none of these variables explain the increase. In both decades, on the other hand, patients that committed suicide during their stay at the clinic had been hospitalized longer; those that committed suicide within three months after discharge had been hospitalized for a shorter time than the sum of discharged patients. Among the suicides that occurred after discharge, the percentage of depressives and addicts was higher and the percentage of schizophrenic patients was smaller than among all discharged patients. A Change in patient management (more time off, more working outside, more open wards) has preceded the increase in suicides; medical staff, however, has doubled over the decades considered here. Rising pressure for resocialization to avoid hospitalism may heighten suicidal behavior. Preventive measures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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