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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Sarcoidosis ; Immune response ; Activity markers ; Soluble CD 14 ; Serum neopterin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary CD14 represents the most specific marker for monocytes/macrophages. It has been demonstrated in vitro that monocytes/macrophages lose this antigen upon activation. Results of studies investigating the expression of membrane-bound CD14 on the surface of monocytes/macrophages in sarcoidosis patients are controversial. To investigate whether the soluble form of CD14 reflects monocyte/macrophage activation in sarcoidosis, serum levels of soluble CD14 were determined concurrently with other serum markers of monocyte/macrophage activation (neopterin, angiotensin-converting enzyme) in 50 consecutive patients with bioptically confirmed sarcoidosis. The patients were allocated to three groups according to disease activity and therapy. The soluble interleukin-2 receptor in serum and the CD4/CD8 ratio in lavage fluid were used to monitor T-lymphocyte activation. No significant differences in serum or bronchoalveolar lavage levels of soluble CD14 were observed in patients with active or inactive sarcoidosis. Despite the presence of normal soluble CD14 serum concentrations a correlation with serum neopterin and angiotensin-converting enzyme was found in active sarcoidosis (soluble CD14 versus neopterin, r s = 0.61 and 0.65, P〈 0.05 and 0.01, respectively; soluble CD14 versus angiotensin-converting enzyme, rs=0.6 and 0.72, P〈 0.02 and 0.003, respectively). A correlation between soluble CD14 and parameters of T-cell activity was not demonstrated. We therefore conclude that soluble CD14 in serum is not a useful clinical parameter in establishing disease activity in sarcoidosis. Neopterin and angiotensin-converting enzyme serum concentrations are parameters with higher sensitivity, although specificity remains very low. The exact role of CD14 antigen in sarcoidosis requires further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Sarcoidosis ; Compartmentalization ; Interleukin-6 ; Tumor necrosis factor α
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alveolitis of sarcoidosis is characterized by activated alveolar macrophages (AMs) and T cells. The mediators interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) released by AMs represent essential factors for the progression of the T cells in the cell cycle. The role of IL-1 in pulmonary sarcoidosis has previously been studied; however, the relevance of other mediators (i.e. IL-6) has not yet been evaluated. We measured the spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor a (TNFα) by bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BAL) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) in 6 control subjects (group A) and in 15 patients with sarcoidosis, 10 with active (group B), 5 with inactive disease (group C). IL-6 as well as TNFα were spontaneously released by BAL cells of the active group in significantly greater amounts compared to both other groups; IL-6: A, 165.5 pg/ml/24 hr/106 cells (range, 0–604), B, 946 (0–2467), C, 16.6 (0–83); TNFα: A, 162 pg/ml/24 hr/106 cells (0–523), B, 803 (100–17352), C, 100 (0–379). In all groups autologous PBMNC proved to be quiescent, releasing only baseline levels of the cytokines tested. After stimulation with LPS all these cells released great quantities of IL-6 and TNFα. In active disease a positive correlation between IL-6 and TNFα release was observed (r = 0.77, p 〈 0.02). The present study documents that in active sarcoidosis the spontaneous release of IL-6 by BAL cells parallels the spontaneous release of TNFα. IL-6 is capable of initiating the proliferation and activation of T cells in the lung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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