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  • Serotonin  (4)
  • Dura  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Detection of dural involvement by magnetic resonance imaging in adult patients with acute leukemias — preliminary experience (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 70 (1995), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Schlagwort(e): Acute leukemia ; Dura ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Retrospectively, the dura in 18 adult patients with acute leukemia were evaluated by gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Abnormal dural enhancements were detected in three of four patients with positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, in one of five with suspicious central nervous system (CNS) disease, and in two of nine asymptomatic patients. Computed tomography failed to demonstrate any dural abnormality in these six patients. The abnormal dural enhancement was found in either (a) the brain and the spine, (b) the thoracolumbar spine, or (c) the area adjacent to the parenchymal lesions. Three of the patients were in hematological remission stage; disappearance of the abnormal dural enhancement was observed 1–2 months after radiotherapy and high-dose systemic chemotherapy. The results suggest that MRI is a sensitive and noninvasive imaging modality and superior to CT in detecting dural disease in leukemic patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01784043
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Detection of dural involvement by magnetic resonance imaging in adult patients with acute leukemias – preliminary experience (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 70 (1995), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Acute leukemia ; Dura ; MRI
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Retrospectively, the dura in 18 adult patients with acute leukemia were evaluated by gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Abnormal dural enhancements were detected in three of four patients with positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, in one of five with suspicious central nervous system (CNS) disease, and in two of nine asymptomatic patients. Computed tomography failed to demonstrate any dural abnormality in these six patients. The abnormal dural enhancement was found in either (a) the brain and the spine, (b) the thoracolumbar spine, or (c) the area adjacent to the parenchymal lesions. Three of the patients were in hematological remission stage; disappearance of the abnormal dural enhancement was observed 1–2 months after radiotherapy and high-dose systemic chemotherapy. The results suggest that MRI is a sensitive and noninvasive imaging modality and superior to CT in detecting dural disease in leukemic patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01784043
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Serotoninergic mechanisms of beta-endorphin-induced hypothermia in rats (1979)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 382 (1979), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Temperature regulation ; Beta-endorphin ; Hypothermia ; Serotonin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of intraventricular administration of beta-endorphin on thermoregulatory responses of unanesthetized rats to different ambient temperatures (T a ) of 8, 22 and 30°C were assessed. Administration of beta-endorphin produced a fall in rectal temperature at bothT a 8 and 22°C. The hypothermia in response to beta-endorphin was brought about by both cutaneous vasodilation (as indicated by an increase in both the tail and the foot skin temperatures) and decreases in metabolic heat production. However, atT a 30°C, administration of beta-endorphin produced no change in rectal temperature or other thermoregulatory responses. Furthermore, the hypothermic effect induced by beta-endorphin was greatly attenuated by either the depletion of brain serotonin levels (with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine andp-chlorophenylanine) or the blockade of opiate receptors (with naloxone). The data indicate that beta-endorphin leads to hypothermia in rats by increasing sensible heat loss and decreasing metabolic heat production, probably via the release of endogenous serotonin within brain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585909
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stimulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine nerve cells in dorsal and median raphe nuclei elevates blood glucose in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 417 (1991), S. 441-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Glucoregulation ; Serotonin ; Hypothalamus ; Electrical stimulation ; Raphe nucleus ; Kainic acid ; 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine ; l-Glutamate ; Voltammetry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The role played by dorsal or median raphe nuclei in glucoregulation was investigated by stimulating these nuclei in normal rats and in rats with chemical ablation of the hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) nerve cells in these nuclei. Electrical stimulation of either dorsal or median raphe nuclei increased blood glucose or the in vivo voltammetric signal of hypothalamic 5-OH-indole in normal rats; the increase in blood glucose level or the hypothalamic 5-OH-indole release was proportional to the intensity of stimulation. Microinjection of kainic acid or l-glutamate at the same sites also produced hyperglycemia or stimulated the hypothalamic 5-OH-indole release. This stimulation-induced hyperglycemia was significantly reduced by pretreatment of animals with spinal transection or adrenalectomy. In addition, selective destruction of the hypothalamic 5-HT nerve fibers, produced by administration of 5,7-di-hydroxytryptamine (a 5-HT nerve depletor) into both dorsal and median raphe regions, reduced the magnitude of the hyperglycemic responses to electrical stimulation of either dorsal or median raphe nuclei. The data indicate that stimulation of ascending 5-HT pathways in the rat's brain increases the adrenal-sympathetic efferent activity and leads to hyperglycemia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00370937
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in central serotoninergic transmission affect clonidine analgesia in monkeys (1987)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 335 (1987), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Clonidine ; Antinociception ; Diencephalic periventricular gray ; Periaqueductal gray ; Dorsal raphe nuclei ; Serotonin ; Ketanserine ; Methysergide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 1. The effects of changes in central serotoninergic transmission on clonidine analgesia were assessed in monkeys. The minimum electrical current required for producing jaw opening is referred to as the pain threshold. Pain was induced by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp afferents. 2. In the first series of studies, intracerebroventricular administration of clonidine (5–30 μg) produced dose-dependent analgesia in monkeys. The clonidine-induced analgesia was abolished or attenuated by prior injection of the animals with p-chlorophenylalanine or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the third cerebral ventricle. On the other hand, pretreatment of the animals by injecting 5-HT or its precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan into the cerebral ventricle potentiated the clonidine-induced analgesia in monkeys. 3. In the second series of experiments, administration of clonidine (1–10 μg) into the diencephalic periventricular gray (of the anterior hypothalamic portion), the periaqueductal gray, or the dorsal raphe nuclei also produced dose-dependent analgesia in monkeys. The analgesia induced by clonidine injection into the diencephalic periventricular gray or the periaqueductal gray was effectively antagonized by pretreatment of the animals by injecting two 5-HT receptor antagonists (such as ketanserine and methysergide) into the diencephalic periventricular gray or the periaqueductal gray. The clonidine-induced analgesia in monkeys was not affected by pretreatment of the animals with injections of either ketanserine or methysergide into the dorsal raphe nuclei. 4. The results suggest that the functional activity of central 5-HT neurons correlate well with the analgesic sensitivity of clonidine microinjected centrally. In addition, the analgesia induced by clonidine microinjected into the diencephalic periventricular gray or the periaqueductal gray was mediated by the 5-HT receptors at the site of injection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169113
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spinal 5-HT pathways and the antinociception induced by intramedullary clonidine in rats (1992)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 346 (1992), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Antinociception ; Clonidine ; Serotonin ; Spinal cord ; Medulla oblongata ; 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine ; Cyproheptadine ; Yohimbine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The possible involvement of spinal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathways in antinociception induced by microinjection of clonidine into the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata was investigated in rats. Microinjection of clonidine (10-20 µg), but not yohimbine (1 µg) or 0.9% saline, into the lateral medulla prolonged the hot plate latency in rats. This clonidine-induced antinociception was abolished by intramedullary injection of the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine. Selective destruction of spinal 5-HT neurons produced by intraspinal injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT; 10 µg) or postsynaptic blockade of spinal 5-HT receptors produced by intrathecal injection of cyproheptadine (1 µg; a mixed 5-HT1/5-HT2 antagonist) also abolished clonidine-induced antinociception. Rats given 5,7-DHT intraspinally or cyproheptadine intrathecally showed a decrease in hot plate latency as compared with the controls. In anesthetized rats, the 5-HT release from the thoracic spinal cord was enhanced by microinjection of clonidine into the lateral medulla. This enhanced spinal 5-HT release evoked by intramedullary injection of clonidine was abolished by pretreatment of rats with intraspinal injection of 5,7-DHT. These results indicate that 5-HT pathways to the spinal cord mediate the antinociceptive effect induced by microinjection of clonidine into the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata in rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173548
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