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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in aggregate stability, nutrient status, indigenous microbial populations, and seedling emergence, following inoculation of soil withNostoc muscorum (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 18 (1994), S. 209-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Aggregate stability ; Soil polysaccharide Soil fertility ; Soil inoculation ; Seedling emergenceNostoc muscorum ; Cyanobacteria
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The potential of the N2-fixing cyanophyteNostoc muscorum for improving the aggregate stability of a poorly structured silt loam soil was studied in a greenhouse experiment. Inoculum rates were 1.61×105 cells g-1 soil dry weight (low rate) and 4.04×105 cell g-1 soil dry weight (high rate), approximately equivalent to a field application of 2 and 5 kg ha-1 cells dry weight, respectively.N. muscorum numbers had increased 8-fold (low rate) and 10-fold (high rate) by 300 days after inoculation, indicating not only survival but proliferation. Increases in soil polysaccharides, determined as soil carbohydrate C, were 2.96–3.49 time the values in the non-inoculated soils and aggregate stability had incrased by an average of 18% on day 300. Inoculation withN. muscorum also had a pronounced effect on soil chemical and biological properties, with total C increasing by 50–63% and total N increasing by 111–120%. Increases in the soil indigenous microbial population were recorded, with numbers of bacteria 500, fungi 16, and actinomycetes 48 times the non-inoculated values on day 300 in the high-rate soil. The emergence of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa var. Saladin) in undisturbed inoculated 300-day soils was 56% (low rate) and 52% (high rate) higher than in non-inoculated soils. However, homogenising soils and irrigating (to smulate ploughing and surface crusting) significantly reduced this increase in both treatments, although emergence in inoculated soils was still greater by 45% (low) and 24% (high). It is recommended that inoculated soils be left undisturbed prior to planting. The effects ofN. muscorum on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties indicate the possible benefits of cyanobacteria as soil inoculants, not only for the improvement of soil aggregate stability but also as a means of improving seedling emergence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647668
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Levels ofpros-methylimidazoleacetic acid: Correlation with severity of Parkinson's disease in CSF of patients and with the depletion of striatal dopamine and its metabolites in MPTP-treated mice (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 3 (1991), S. 109-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Schlagwort(e): Parkinson's disease ; pros-methylimidazoleacetic acid ; MPTP ; 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; dopamine ; dopamine metabolites ; homovanillic acid ; DOPAC ; norepinephrine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels ofpros-methylimidazoleacetic acid (p-MIAA) in thirteen medication-free patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease were highly correlated (Spearman's ρ=0.749, p〈0.005) with the severity of signs of the disease as scored on the Columbia University Rating Scale. Levels of p-MIAA in males (n=8) and females (n=5) were each significantly correlated with scores of severity (ρ=0.78, p〈0.05 and ρ=1.0, p〈0.05, respectively). In C57BL/6 mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine (MPTP), levels of p-MIAA were significantly correlated with the depleted levels of dopamine (r=0.85, p〈0.01), homovanillic acid (r=0.79, p〈0.02), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (r=0.84, p〈0.01) and norepinephrine (r=0.91, p〈0.002) in striatum, but not in cortex of the same mice. No such correlations were observed in either striatum or cortex of salinetreated control mice. Mean levels of p-MIAA in CSF did not differ significantly between patients and age-matched controls; and mean levels of p-MIAA in striatum did not differ between MPTP-treated mice and controls. The simplest hypothesis to account for these strong correlations in the absence of differences in mean levels of p-MIAA is that accumulation of p-MIAA [or process(es) that govern its accumulation] influences a failing nigrostriatal system. It is also possible (in analogy with findings in other diseases and with other drugs) that measurements of the putative metabolite(s) of p-MIAA may distinguish the patients and the MPTP-treated mice from their respective controls. Elucidation of the processes that regulate formation and disposition of p-MIAA in brain and information on the neural effects of p-MIAA, its precursors and its putative metabolites may yield insight into factors that regulate the progression of Parkinson's disease, and may shed additional light on the cause(s) of this disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260886
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of surface growth of blue-green algae and bryophytes on some microbiological, biochemical, and physical soil properties (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Cyanobacteria ; Blue-green algae ; Soil inoculation ; Microbial biomass ; Enzyme activities ; Soil nitrogen ; Soil aggregation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The influence of surface growth of inoculated cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) on subsurface properties of a brown earth, silt loam soil was studied in reconstituted flooded soil columns. One blue-green algae species, Nostoc muscorum, become dominant within the first 7 days of inoculation. In light control columns (not inoculated) a bryophyte, Barbula recurvirostra, was dominant although significant growth of indigenous blue-green algae occurred. The blue-green algae counts were in the range of 1×106 g-1 dry soil in the surface layer (0–0.7 cm) in both columns. Any effect of surface phototrophic growth on soil properties was restricted to the surface layer. In inoculated columns there was a twofold increase in microbial biomass and an eightfold increase in bacterial numbers by week 13. However, bacterial numbers declined so that there was only a 2.8-fold increase by week 21. Dehydrogenase (x2.1), urease (x2.8) and phosphatase (x3.1) activities and polysaccharides (+69%) increased by week 21 as a result of the blue-green algae inoculation along with a significant improvement in soil aggregation. However, similar increases occurred in the light control columns, indicating that given appropriate conditions of light and moisture indigenous species may be ultimately as effective as introduced species in bringing about biochemical and microbiological changes to soil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336233
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