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  • Solid-state structures  (2)
  • electrical conductivity  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 307-316 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Halogen oxides ; Solid-state structures ; Intermolecular interactions ; Halogens ; Oxygen ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The development of new preparative and analytical techniques that allow appropriate handling and characterizations of the capricious halogen oxides have initiated a revival of their chemistry. Due to these recent activities, the amount of well-confirmed knowledge about such oxides has considerably increased. This is especially valid for the structural chemistry in the solid state, which (among other topics) has greatly benefitted from developments in the techniques of in situ crystal growth of low melting substances on a diffractometer. As a consequence, some general crystal chemical features have become apparent: The coordination polyhedra of the halogen oxides can be readily understood in terms of the qualitative VSEPR concept, and there is a pronounced tendency to form mixed valence compounds where the respective valence states can be easily deduced from the coordination polyhedra. Furthermore, intermolecular or interionic bonds are significant, with increasing importance when moving from chlorine to iodine. Finally, ClO2 appears to be the only representative with the halogen in an even oxidation state.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 201-206 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Ternary oxides ; anionic gold ; Cs3AuO ; Rb3AuO ; K3AuO ; preparation ; single-crystal structure determination ; analysis of molar volumes ; electrical conductivity ; magnetic properties ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ternary Oxides containing Anionic GoldThe preparation and crystal structure of the novel ternary oxides M3AuO (M = Cs, Rb, K) containing anionic gold is reported. Cs3AuO (a = 7.830(1) Å, c = 7.060(1) Å) crystallizes as a hexagonal, Rb3AuO (a = 5.501(1) Å) and K3AuO (a = 5.240(1) Å) as a cubic anti perovskite. Concerning to the ionic description (M+)3Au-O2- in Cs3AuO gold exists as an anion. In Rb3AuO and K3AuO the anionic character of gold decreases respectively. The analysis of bond length and molar volumes gives support to this view, as well as investigations of conductivity and magnetic properties do.
    Notes: Über die Darstellung und Kristallstrukturen der neuen ternären Oxide M3AuO (M = Cs, Rb, K) mit anionischem Gold wird berichtet. Cs3AuO (a = 7,830(1) Å, c = 7,060(1) Å) kristallisiert als hexagonaler, Rb3AuO (a = 5,501(1) Å) und K3AuO (a = 5,240(1) Å) als kubischer anti-Perowskit. Gemäß der Formulierung (M+)3Au-O2- liegt Gold in Cs3AuO als Anion vor. In den Verbindungen der leichteren Alkalimetalle nimmt der anionische Charakter von Gold sukzessiv ab. Die Analyse der Bindungslängen und Molvolumina belegt diese Sichtweise, ebenso die durchgeführten Leitfähigkeitsuntersuchungen und magnetischen Messungen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Ternary oxopalladates ; mixed valent palladium ; high pressure synthesis ; crystal structure ; magnetic properties ; electrical conductivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on Structure and Physical Properties of some New Members of the LaPd2O4 FamilyThe new mixed valent oxopalladates MPd2O4 (M = Pr, Nd, Gd, Y) have been synthesized from the binary oxides in presence of a solid oxygen carrier (KClO3) by applying hydrostatic pressure (ca. 2 GPa). According to X-ray investigations these oxides crystallize in space group I 41/a (No. 88) and are isotypic to LaPd2O4 (PrPd2O4: a = 5.8382(2), c = 10.1687(5) Å; NdPd2O4: a = 5.8419(3), c = 10.1949(6) Å; GdPd2O4: a = 5.7799(3), c = 10.0677(8) Å; YPd2O4: a = 5.7359(3), c = 9.9829(8) Å). The crystal structure consists of square planar PdO4 units which are stacked to form columnar arrangements along [1 00] and [0 10], respectively. The PdO4 squares are connected via common corners to a three-dimensional framework. By substitution of Pr3+, Nd3+, Gd3+ and Y3+ for lanthanum the Pd—Pd distances decrease and the electrical conductivities increase. The oxopalladates investigated in this work are black, paramagnetic and semiconducting. At ambient pressure they decompose at temperatures above 880 K into elemental palladium and the binary rare earth oxides.
    Notes: Die neuen gemischtvalenten Oxopalladate MPd2O4 (M = Pr, Nd, Gd, Y) entstehen unter hydrostatischem Druck (ca. 2 GPa) in Anwesenheit eines festen Sauerstoffträgers (KClO3) aus den binären Oxiden. Nach den Einkristallstrukturuntersuchungen bzw. der Rietveld-Verfeinerung an Pulvern kristallisieren die Seltenerdoxopalladate in der tetragonalen Raumgruppe I 41/a (Nr. 88) und sind isotyp mit LaPd2O4 (PrPd2O4: a = 5,8382(2), c = 10,1687(5) Å; NdPd2O4: a = 5,8419(3), c = 10,1949(6) Å; GdPd2O4: a = 5,7799(3), c = 10,0677(8) Å; YPd2O4: a = 5,7359(3), c = 9,9829(8) Å). Die Kristallstruktur enthält quadratisch planare PdO4-Einheiten, die entlang [100] und [0 10] gestapelt und über gemeinsame Ecken zu einem dreidimensionalen Gerüst verknüpft sind. Die Substitution von Lanthan durch die „kleineren“ Ionen Pr3+, Nd3+, Gd3+ und Y3+ führt zu einer Verringerung des Pd—Pd-Abstandes innerhalb der Stapel. Parallel dazu wird eine Zunahme der spezifischen Leitfähigkeit beobachtet. Alle im Rahmen dieser Arbeit untersuchten Oxopalladate zeigen eine für Halbleiter typische Widerstandscharakteristik und sind paramagnetisch. Sie zersetzen sich unter Atmosphärendruck bei Temperaturen oberhalb 880 K zu elementarem Palladium und den binären Seltenerdoxiden.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 35 (1996), S. 1286-1304 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: computer chemistry ; solid-state structures ; structure prediction ; synthesis planning ; Computer chemistry ; Solid-state reactions ; Solid-state structures ; Solid-phase synthesis ; Structure prediction ; Synthesis design ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is presented here that allows, in principle, the prediction of the existence and structure of (meta)stable solid compounds. It is based on a set of adjustable modules that are applied to the study of the energy function of the chemical system of interest. The main elements are a set of routines for global optimization and local minimization, as well as algorithms for the investigation of the phase space structure near local minima of the potential energy, and the analysis and characterization of the structure candidates. The current implementation focuses on ionic compounds, for which empirical potentials are used for the evaluation of the energy function in the first stage, and a Hartree-Fock algorithm for refinements. The global optimization is performed with a stochastic simulated annealing algorithm, and the local minimization employs stochastic quenches and gradient methods. The neighborhoods of the local minima are studied with the threshold algorithm. The results of this approach are illustrated with a number of examples: compounds of binary noble gases, and binary and ternary ionic compounds. These include several substances that have not been synthesized yet, but should stand a fair chance of being kinetically stable, for example further alkali metal nitrides besides Li3N, as well as Ca3SiBr2 or SrTi2O5.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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