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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative investigation of the effect of moclobemide and toloxatone on monoamine oxidase activity and psychometric performance in healthy subjects (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 106 (1992), S. S68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Moclobemide ; Toloxatone ; Monoamine oxidase-A ; Psychometric performance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of moclobemide and toloxatone, two reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors, on biochemical parameters that reflect monoamine metabolism and on psychomotor performance parameters were investigated in a study in 12 healthy volunteers. Treatments were given double-blind in a randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over design, with 1 week wash-out between the treatments. Drugs were given thrice daily in the following doses: moclobemide 150-150-150 mg and toloxatone 400-200-400 mg. All assessments were performed on day 8 under standardized conditions. There was no difference with regard to adverse events between moclobemide and toloxatone: both drugs induced a slight decrease in both supine and standing heart rate. Judged on the basis of the area under the curve, the two MAO-inhibitors reduced the plasma levels of DHPG and HVA, with more pronounced effects for moclobemide than for toloxatone. After moclobemide MAO-A inhibition was almost constant over 24 h, whereas the effect of toloxatone was short lasting after each dose. The same differences were reflected in plasma 5-HIAA concentrations and urinary excretion of 3-methoxytyramine and normetanephine. Neither of the compounds tested had any influence on the memory, vigilance, mood, or sleeping habits of the subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246239
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial monoamine oxidase-A inhibition by moclobemide does not predict the therapeutic response in patients with major depression A double blind, randomized study (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 127 (1996), S. 370-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Monoamine oxidase-A inhibition ; Treatment outcome ; DHPG ; L-dopa ; DOPAC ; HVA ; 5-HIAA ; Moclobemide ; Depressive patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It is generally accepted that the clinical efficacy of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) is related to inhibition of this enzyme. In order to evaluate the predictive ability of monoamine oxidase-A inhibition for therapeutic efficacy, the start of treatment effects of moclobemide, a selective, reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor, on plasma concentrations of monoamines and monoamine metabolites were determined. The plasma levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG, deaminated metabolite of noradrenaline), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA, deaminated metabolite of serotonin), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid (DOPAC and HVA, deaminated metabolites of dopamine), L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) and noradrenaline were investigated and related to treatment outcome. This was a randomized double blind parallel group study in 47 patients with criteria of major depression according to DSM III R. Moclobemide 300 mg/day, 450 mg/day or 600 mg/day was administered continuously for 6 weeks. Plasma concentrations of monoamine metabolites and monoamines were determined just before treatment by moclobemide, 4 h after the first dose, 24 h after the first dose, before the first dose on day 7, and 4 h after the first dose on day 7. Each moclobemide dose improved depression as measured by MADRS (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating scale) but there was no difference between the three doses. Moclobemide dose-dependently reduced plasma concentration of DHPG, L-dopa and HVA. No dose-dependent treatment effect was observed for plasma 5-HIAA, noradrenaline and DOPAC. The clinical outcome as defined by the final MADRS score was not related to any start of treatment changes in plasma monoamine metabolites reflecting inhibition of MAO-A. It is concluded that monoamine oxidase-A inhibition at the beginning of the treatment does not predict clinical outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050100
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation and comparison of the interaction between alcohol and moclobemide or clomipramine in healthy subjects (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 101 (1990), S. 40-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Clomipramine ; Moclobemide ; Interaction with alcohol ; Psychometric performance ; Body sway ; Anticholinergic effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of clomipramine and moclobemide with alcohol was compared in a double blind parallel groups study in 24 healthy volunteers. Moclobemide was given at the highest recommended therapeutic dose (200 mg t.i.d.) and clomipramine in a subtherapeutic dose (25 mg b.i.d.) because of its poor tolerance in healthy subjects. Psychometric evaluations were performed during a placebo run-in phase; after a 5-day treatment period; assessments were made before, and again 1 h and 4 h after alcohol ingestion. Alcohol doses were pre-determined for each subject in order to produce a blood alcohol concentration of 0.6 g/l 1 h after alcohol intake and this individual alcohol dose was given on test days. The day before alcohol intake tests for autonomic functions were made to assess the anticholinergic effects of the drugs. Alcohol significantly increased body sway, decreased critical flicker fusion frequency, prolonged choice reaction time, impaired copying skills, impaired memory and increased the subjective feelings of satisfaction and tension. Drugs increased the effect of alcohol on body sway and this was essentially due to clomipramine. Clomipramine both without and with alcohol increased body sway, prolonged choice reaction time more than did moclobemide. Clomipramine seemed to diminish alcohol-induced memory impairment in one of the memory tests used. Subjects taking clomipramine had significantly more adverse effects after alcohol ingestion than did subjects of the moclobemide group. In contrast to moclobemide, clomipramine produced a moderate but significant drop in standing systolic blood pressure and a clear inhibition of salivary excretion. It may be concluded that no important psychometric differences occurred between moclobemide and clomipramine with respect to their interaction with alcohol but moclobemide did not show anticholinergic properties and produced fewer adverse effects than clomipramine in interaction with alcohol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245787
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoplasmic annulate lamellae in human spermatogenesis (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Annulate lamellae ; Spermatogenesis ; Ultrastructure ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic examination of normal human testicular tissue revealed annulate lamellae (AL) in the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes and spermatids. AL of primary spermatocytes are encountered in the perinuclear region, parallel to the nuclear envelope and form single or multiple membranous profiles containing numerous annuli (500–600 Å in diameter) frequently associated with a fibrillar electron dense material. Spermatids contain numerous layers of AL either continuous with the nuclear envelope and caudal to the acrosome or peripherally positioned in the cytoplasm. Individual lamellae possess terminal dilations and display continuities with the endoplasmic reticulum. The interlamellar space in spermatid AL is entirely filled with a fine granular electron dense material. Additionally, the break-down of AL in spermatozoan residual bodies is indicated by a dilation of AL cisternae to form vacuoles following the dissolution of pore complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229464
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of four types of human spermatogonia (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 112 (1971), S. 139-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; Spermatogonial ultrastructure ; Male reproduction ; Germinal cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic examination of normal human testes has revealed the ultrastructure of four types of spermatogonia. These are the dark type A (AD), the pale type A (AP), the type B (B), and a new type A (AL). The subcellular criteria used in distinguishing between these four spermatogonial types include the shape of the nucleus, the density of the nucleoplasm, the type of nucleolus and its placement within the nucleus, the structure of the mitochondrial cristae, the association of the endoplasmic reticulum with the mitochondria, the amount of glycogen present within the cell, and the presence of previously undescribed filamentous structures in the cytoplasm of the AL and AD spermatogonia. Each spermatogonium is in contact with the tubular basal lamina; the amount of contact progressively decreases from the AL, a flat cell lying parallel to the basal lamina, through the AD and AP to the B spermatogonia, the latter being a pear-shaped cell with its long axis perpendicular to the basal lamina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331837
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure and cytochemistry of testicular cells in men treated with testosterone propionate (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 159-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; Testosterone ; Male reproduction ; Enzyme ; cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural features of human testicular cells were examined in normal and testosterone propionate-treated human testes. In addition, the enzymes adenosine triphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and acid phosphatase were localized by electron microscopic cytochemistry in control and in testosterone propionate-influenced testes. The morphological effects of injected testosterone were most pronounced in the spermatids. Spermatogonia, spermatocytes, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells displayed progressively fewer morphological defects in response to testosterone propionate. Adenosine triphosphatase was observed to be localized within the plasma membranes of Sertoli, Leydig, and spermatogenic cells. Administered testosterone did not appear to affect adenosine triphosphatase activity. Glucose-6-phosphatase was localized within the rough endoplasmic reticulum of Sertoli, Leydig, and primitive spermatogonial cells as well as the nuclear envelopes of Sertoli and Leydig cells in control tissues. Testosterone did not alter glucose-6-phosphatase localization within the seminiferous tubules, but localization was substantially reduced or absent in the interstitial cells of Leydig. Acid phosphatase was localized within lysosomes of spermatogenic, Sertoli, and Leydig cells and within lipofuscin and Golgi bodies of Sertoli cells. Acid phosphatase localization increased only within Sertoli cells upon treatment with testosterone propionate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224580
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structural localization of testicular phosphatases in man: The control testis (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 497-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis ; Phosphatase cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Testis ; Male reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic cytochemistry was used to determine the localization of five phosphatase enzymes—glucose-6-phosphatase, inosine diphosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, acid phosphatase, and adenosine triphosphatase—in control human testes. Glucose-6-phosphatase occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and primitive spermatogonia, but was not observed in more advanced spermatogenic cells. The presence of glucose-6-phosphatase activity paralleled the presence of glycogen in spermatogenic cells, i.e., both occurred in type AL and AD spermatogonia but not in type AP or B spermatogonia or in more advanced spermatogenic cells. Inosine diphosphatase activity was found in the endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope, and Golgi complex of Sertoli cells and all spermatogenic cells except late spermatids. Additionally, inosine diphosphatase activity was localized at the junctions between Sertoli cells and late spermatids, but was not associated with any other plasma membrane. Thiamine pyrophosphatase reaction product was found in the Golgi bodies of Sertoli cells and in spermatogenic cells through immature spermatids. Neither inosine diphosphatase nor thiamine pyrophosphatase was observed in the Golgi bodies of spermatids during acrosomal formation. Acid phosphatase activity was found in lysosomes of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids, in lysosomes of Leydig cells, and in lysosomes, lipofuscin bodies, and Golgi cisternae of Sertoli cells. It is thought that Sertoli lysosomes play a role in the phagocytosis of degenerating germ cells; however, the role of spermatogenic or Leydig lysosomes is unknown. Adenosine triphosphatase activity occurred at the interfaces between two spermatogonia, and between Sertoli cells and spermatogonia, but was not observed in the spaces between two Sertoli cells, two spermatocytes, two spermatids, or between Sertoli cells and spermatocytes, or between Sertoli cells and spermatids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225914
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