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  • Digitale Medien  (4)
  • Collusion  (2)
  • Startle  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: Spinal cord and brainstem mediation of excitatory effects on acoustic startle (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 70 (1980), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Startle ; Dimethyltryptamine ; Serotonin ; Cinanserin ; Cyproheptadine ; Propranolol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of different doses (0.03, 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/kg body weight) of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) were tested on the acoustic startle reflex in rats. Beginning at 0.12 mg/kg, 5-MeODMT increased startle monotonically up to the highest dose used. 5-MeODMT still increased startle in acutely decerebrate rats or when infused directly onto the spinal cord. The excitatory effects of a high systemic dose of 5-MeODMT were completely blocked by cinanserin, cyproheptadine, and propranolol, but not by parachlorophenylalanine, α-methyl-p-tyrosine, haloperidol, sotalol, or phenoxybenzamine. The results were discussed in terms of a new theory, which suggests that stimulation of serotonin receptors in the spinal cord enhance startle whereas serotonin receptors in the forebrain inhibit startle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435302
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spinal modulation of acoustic startle: Opposite effects of clonidine and d-amphetamine (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 75 (1981), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Startle ; Clonidine ; Spinal cord ; Yohimbine ; d-Amphetamine ; Norepinephrine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Direct infusion of d-amphetamine (25–400 μg) or phenylephrine (12.5–50 μg) onto the spinal cord (intrathecal administration) increased acoustic startle amplitude. These effects were blocked by IP injection of the α1-adrenergic antagonist WB-4101, but not the serotonin antagonist cyproheptadine. In contrast, intrathecal administration of clonidine (0.9–12.5 μg) markedly depressed startle. This effect was not blocked by IP administration of WB-4101 or cyproheptadine, but was blocked by IP or intrathecal administration of the α2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine (5 mg/kg), which by itself increased startle. Moreover, intrathecal yohimbine (100 μg) attenuated the depressant effect of IP clonidine, indicating that the spinal cord partially mediates the depressant effects on startle after systemic administration of clonidine. Thus clonidine does not behave like an α1-adrenergic on acoustic startle, even when introduced directly onto the spinal cord. Conditions under which clonidine produces excitatory or depressant behavioral effects are discused.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432427
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CooperationV. Rivalry and factors facilitating collusion (1994)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 9 (1994), S. 823-838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Schlagwort(e): Collusion ; conjectures
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract A perennial topic in industrial economics is collusion. Kwoka and Ravenscraft (1986) developed a model to measure the collusiveness of conjectures across industries as a function of intra-industry rivalry among leading firms. But extensive literature suggests that the degree of collusion may also depend upon underlying market characteristics. We modify the Kwoka and Ravenscraft model to account for this. Our results suggest that underlying market characteristics do matter. Intra-industry rivalry and conjectures vary with the level and stability of concentration, and to a lesser degree with product homogeneity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026587
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Efficiencyv. collusion: Evidence cast in cement (1994)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 9 (1994), S. 379-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Schlagwort(e): Collusion ; efficiency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Through the 1970s and 1980s, the U.S. portland cement industry experienced a significant increase in average plant size and market concentration. A simultaneous equation model is developed to examine the effects of plant size and concentration on costs, prices and margins in that industry. The results indicate the presence of significant scale economies, but also show that prices and margins are increasing in concentration. Further analysis shows that almost one third of the cost savings associated with larger plants are passed on to producers through higher margins resulting from concomitant increases in concentration, rather than to consumers as lower prices.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029512
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