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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 373-389 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): GC ; Natural gas analysis ; Sulfur components ; Selective enrighment ; Sulfur selective detection ; Calibration ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: More stringent environmental regulations as well as higher demands presently being imposed on the sulfur content of natural gas feed-stocks for chemical processes necessitate the development of new analytical procedures for sulfur determination in natural gas. Only analytical procedures based on gas chromatography can meet the sensitivity and accuracy requirements dictated by environmental regulation institutions and modern chemical industry. The complexity of the natural gas matrix as well as the extremely low concentration levels at which the sulfur species occur make the development of these analytical methods a true challenge. In this review the three steps common for analytical methods for trace analysis in complex matrices, i.e. pretreatment, chromatographic separation, and detection, are discussed in detail. Possible methods for calibration of the system are discussed in the final section.Various techniques to determine sulfur in natural gas are described. Depending on the application, the most suitable system has to be selected. For example, for on-line application in a hazardous area a simple and rugged system is required, i.e. a simple gas chromatograph with a flame photometric detector, while for laboratory application a more complex instrument including preconcentration, column switching, and more exotic detection systems could be more suitable. Therefore it is crucial to define the requirements of the instrument at an early stage and use the information in this review article to develop/select a dedicated instrument/procedure for the problem at hand.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 16 (1993), S. 425-428 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): On-line SFE-GC ; Split/splitless interface ; Quantitative aspects ; Discrimination ; Reproducibility ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The quantitative aspects of on-line supercritical fluid extractioncapillary gas chromatography (SFE-GC) with a split/splitless injector as interface were investigated. Special attention was paid to the discrimination behavior and the reproducibility of the split/splitless interface. A simple experimental set-up is proposed that allows accurate quantitation in on-line SFE-split GC. The results obtained in on-line SFE-GC compare favorably with those from conventional GC with split injection. Discrimination was found to be absent when working at sufficiently high interface temperatures. Finally, the effects of the carbon dioxide flow rate, interface temperature and split ratio on both discrimination and reproducibility were studied.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 13 (1990), S. 669-673 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) ; On-line SFE-GC ; Programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A simple and versatile system is described for the on-line coupling of SFE to capillary GC. The interfacing consists of a programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) injector. With this injector it is possible to combine solute trapping, elimination of a high flow of extraction fluid, and quantitative transfer of solutes to the seperation column. The problems caused by impurities in the extraction fluid in on-line SFE-GC are discussed. Simple methods are described for the purification of commercially available carbon dioxide. The trapping efficiency of the PTV injector is studied. Applications of the SFE-PTV-GC system are given for the analysis of polymer anti-degradants, polar compounds, and samples with environmental relevance.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 333-342 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Natural gas analysis ; Sulfur components ; Sulfur selective detection ; Universal detectors ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: In the present contribution, the performance of a number of commercially available selective and universal detectors that can be used in the analysis of sulfur components in natural gas is evaluated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, quenching effect, stability, and compound dependence of the sulfur response. Investigated detectors include the sulfur chemiluminescnce, the flame photometric, the electron capture, the mass spectrometric, the thermal conductivity, and the flame ionization detector. The sulfur chemiluminescence detector was found to have the best overall performance, e.g., low picogram amounts of sulfur can be detected accurately and the linear dynamic range is more than five orders of magnitude. After careful optimization, the sulfur response of this detector was found to be almost compound independent. All other detectors, including the flame photometric and the electron capture detector, have more or less compound dependent responses.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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