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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 249-259 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Stem cells ; Testis ; PGP 9.5 ; Ultrastructure ; Tubular whole-mounts ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The spermatogonial stem cell line in prepubertal and adult bovine testis was studied by electron microscopy and protein gene product 9.5 immunohistochemistry. Three successive spermatogonia precursor cell configurations were observed. Small basal stem cells were found to possess a spherical shape and nuclei with two to three nucleoli. They were observed in prepubertal testes (25 and 30 weeks) and in low numbers during all the stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the adult. Aggregated spermatogonia precursor cells are the dominating germ cell type in the 25-week-old and 30-week-old calf. In the adult seminiferous epithelium, they cause expansion of the basal tubular compartment as they form dense groups containing up to 15 cells. These groups are observed concomitantly with cycling A-spermatogonia and preleptotenes at the beginning of spermatocytogenesis. At the end of A-spermatogonia propagation, the aggregated spermatogonia precursor cells separate and intermingle with cycling A-spermatogonia. The spermatogonia precursor cells can later be found together with I-spermatogonia as members of an interconnected cellular network of medium-sized cells. When the I-spermatogonia divide to form the smaller B-spermatogonia, the precursor cells, which stay connected with the cycling spermatogonial population, pass through a growth phase. They can now be considered as committed spermatogonia precursor cells and are continuously being transformed into A1-spermatogonia to start a new round of spermatocytogenesis. Ultrastructurally, all members of the precursor cell line are similar. However, a number of features have been found to show a quantitative increase (endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria) or to exhibit a rising degree of complexity (nucleolus) during the progression from basal stem cells to committed spermatogonia precursor cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 277-289 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Spermatogonia ; Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tubular whole-mounts ; Spermatogonial degeneration ; Testis ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The configuration and distribution of bovine spermatogonia, preleptotene primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells in the basal seminiferous tubular compartment have been studied by means of whole-mount preparations, immunohistochemistry and quantitative morphology. Three types of spermatogonia (Sg) can be identified. Large A-spermatogonia are irregularly distributed in the tubular periphery. Following the period of propagation of the A-spermatogonia, an interconnected meshwork of medium-sized spermatogonia with different cytogenetic potency is observed. Although the majority of the medium-sized spermatogonia are kinetically of the I type and divide to produce small B-spermatogonia, some members of the medium-sized population are seen in a growth phase and differentiate into large A-spermatogonia. These mark the beginning of a new round of spermatocytogenesis. Only one generation of B-spermatogonia divides into preleptotene primary spermatocytes. The architectural arrangement of multiplying spermatogonia in circles or rows is primarily the result of the distribution of the Sertoli cells. Spermatogonial multiplication is not strictly coordinated with the stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Spermatogonial degeneration amounts on average to 3.6% and has therefore no decisive impact on the yield of primary spermatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 277-289 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatogonia ; Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tubular wholemounts ; Spermatogonial degeneration ; Testis ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The configuration and distribution of bovine spermatogonia, preleptotene primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells in the basal seminiferous tubular compartment have been studied by means of whole-mount preparations, immunohistochemistry and quantitative morphology. Three types of spermatogonia (Sg) can be identified. Large A-spermatogonia are irregularly distributed in the tubular periphery. Following the period of propagation of the A-spermatogonia, an interconnected meshwork of medium-sized spermatogonia with different cytogenetic potency is observed. Although the majority of the medium-sized spermatogonia are kinetically of the I type and divide to produce small B-spermatogonia, some members of the medium-sized population are seen in a growth phase and differentiate into large A-spermatogonia. These mark the beginning of a new round of spermatocytogenesis. Only one generation of B-spermatogonia divides into preleptotene primary spermatocytes. The architectural arrangement of multiplying spermatogonia in circles or rows is primarily the result of the distribution of the Sertoli cells. Spermatogonial multiplication is not strictly coordinated with the stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Spermatogonial degeneration amounts on average to 3.6% and has therefore no decisive impact on the yield of primary spermatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 249-259 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Stem cells ; Testis ; PGP 9.5 ; Ultrastructure ; Tubular ; Whole-mounts ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The spermatogonial stem cell line in prepubertal and adult bovine testis was studied by electron microscopy and protein gene product 9.5 immunohistochemistry. Three successive spermatogonia precursor cell configurations were observed. Small basal stem cells were found to possess a spherical shape and nuclei with two to three nucleoli. They were observed in prepubertal testes (25 and 30 weeks) and in low numbers during all the stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the adult. Aggregated spermatogonia precursor cells are the dominating germ cell type in the 25-week-old and 30-week-old calf. In the adult seminiferous epithelium, they cause expansion of the basal tubular compartment as they form dense groups containing up to 15 cells. These groups are observed concomitantly with cycling A-spermatogonia and preleptotenes at the beginning of spermatocytogenesis. At the end of A-spermatogonia propagation, the aggregated spermatogonia precursor cells separate and intermingle with cycling A-spermatogonia. The spermatogonia precursor cells can later be found together with I-spermatogonia as members of an interconnected cellular network of medium-sized cells. When the I-spermatogonia divide to form the smaller B-spermatogonia, the precursor cells, which stay connected with the cycling spermatogonial population, pass through a growth phase. They can now be considered as committed spermatogonia precursor cells and are continuously being transformed into A1-spermatogonia to start a new round of spermatocytogenesis. Ultrastructurally, all members of the precursor cell line are similar. However, a number of features have been found to show a quantitative increase (endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria) or to exhibit a rising degree of complexity (nucleolus) during the progression from basal stem cells to committed spermatogonia precursor cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 24 (1994), S. 129-130 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 25 (1995), S. 380-389 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Der größte Teil des Wassers auf diesem Planeten ist Meerwasser, welches eine relativ konstante Zusammensetzung anorganischer Salze enthält. In hypersalinen Gewässern dagegen sind höhere Salzkonzentrationen als im normalen Meerwasser vorhanden. Überall dort, wo die Verdunstungsrate großer ist als der Wasserzufluß, in küstennahen Regionen der Meere, zum Beispiel in flachen Lagunen, aber auch in einigen großen Inlandseen, wie zum Beispiel dem Great Salt Lake in Utah, liegen zwar ähnliche Verhältnisse der anorganischen Ionen untereinander, aber insgesamt höhere Konzentrationen als im durchschnittlichen Meerwasser vor. Hier handelt es sich um die thalassohalinen (griechisch: thalassos = Meer) Standorte, entstanden durch Wasserverlust, ohne daß das Löslichkeitsprodukt für eine Komponente der Salze überschritten wird. Die Gesamtsalinität eines thalassohalinen Gewässers kann von 3,4 % (Gewicht pro Volumen) in normalem Meerwasser bis zu 49 % schwanken. In Salzgewinnungsteichen fällt Natriumchlorid (NaCl) ab etwa 37 % aus, während die leichter löslichen Magnesium-(MgCl2) und Kaliumchloride (KCl) sich in der Lösung anreichern. Ab diesem Punkt entspricht das Wasser nicht mehr dem Begriff „thalassohalin“, da sich die Salzverhältnisse ändern.Je höher die Salzkonzentration ist, desto mehr verschwinden höhere Lebensformen. Sie werden durch angepaßte Mikroorganismen ersetzt. Bis zu einer Salinität von 7,5 % findet man noch einige salztolerante Fische, ab 13 % ist kein Fisch mehr in der Lage zu überleben. Die einzigen makroskopischen Organismen, die im Bereich von 10-30 % relativem Salzgehalt vorkommen, sind das Salinenkrebschen Artemia salina und die Larve der Salzfliege Ephydra speciae Das Phytoplankton besteht in diesem Bereich hauptsächlich aus der einzelligen, photosynthetisch aktiven Grünalgengattung Dunaliella. In den Salinenbecken schließlich, im Präzipitationsbereich von NaCl, findet man fast ausschließlich Halobakterien [14].
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 22 (1992), S. 157-162 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Eines der frühesten Probleme unter den ersten lebenden Zellen war die Bewältigung der „osmotischen Krise“. Diese entstand durch den Einstrom von Ionen und Wasser durch die semipermeable Plasmamembran ins Innere der Zellen, zu den dort eingeschlossenen Makromolekülen. Die Lösung des Problems konnte nur durch aktives Ausschleusen von Ionen erreicht werden, also mit Hilfe von Ionenpumpen. Zu den wichtigsten Ionenpumpen in der Natur gehören die ATPasen. Sie kommen in allen Lebewesen vor, vom Bakterium bis zum Menschen. Unter den ATPasen spielen die protonenpumpenden eine zentrale Rolle im Stoffwechsel: Sie stellen einen Protonengradienten zwischen verschiedenen Kompartimenten der Zelle her, und dieser wiederum ist der Antrieb für den wichtigsten Prozeß innerhalb eines Lebewesens, nämlich die Speicherung von chemischer Energie in Form von ATP.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 18 (1996), S. 293-300 
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Association between sister chromatids is essential for their attachment and segregation to opposite poles of the spindle in mitosis and meiosis II. Sister-chromatid cohesion is also likely to be involved in linking homologous chromosomes together in meiosis I. Cytological observations provide evidence that attachment between sister chromatids is different in meiosis and mitosis and suggest that cohesion between the chromatid arms may differ mechanistically from that at the centromere. The physical nature of cohesion is addressed, and proteins that are candidates for holding sister chromatids together are discussed. Dissolution of sister-chromatid cohesion must be regulated precisely, and potential mechanisms to release cohesion are presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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