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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 153-160 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Hydroxide ; Hydroxyapatite ; Titration ; Precipitation ; Thermodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A method is described for determination of the titratable hydroxide ion in calcium phosphate precipitates. The procedure requires accurate analysis of the other titratable species in the crystal lattice but is unaffected by the presence of other lattice constituents or impurities. The method was applied to precipitates that had been previously analyzed by solution thermodynamic techniques, and the results were consistent with the earlier observations. The hydroxide content of the precipitates increased with crystal maturity and with increasing pH of the precipitation medium. The hydroxide content of the amorphous phase and the immediate post-amorphous-crystalline transformation phase was shown to be nearly zero. After 3 to 4 days' maturation, the hydroxide content of precipitates prepared at pH values of 7, 8, and 9 was shown to increase to approximately 23, 40, 56% of that required for pure hydroxyapatite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 209-216 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Thermodynamics ; Kinetics ; Apatite ; Octacalcium phosphate ; Tricalcium phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A thermodynamic analysis has been made of the secondary transition stage in the spontaneous precipitation of calcium phosphate following the amorphous-crystalline transformation. The first formed crystalline material has a solubility similar to that of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and the computed thermodynamic solubility product remains invariant in the pH range 7.00–8.60. The duration of the secondary stage is sensitive to pH and the transition appears to occur by hydrolysis of the first formed OCP-like phase to a more basic apatitic phase with a tricalcium phosphate (TCP) stoichiometry. The crystalline material at the end of this transition has an invariant solubility product, in the pH range 7.00 to 8.60, when the TCP-like molecular formula is assumed. Changes in the solution chemistry which accompany the solid-tosolid transitions are consistent with the above conclusions. The results of this study are also consistent with those of a previous study which suggest that the stability of the amorphous calcium phosphate phase is dependent upon the instability of the solution phase with respect to OCP formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 59-68 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Amorphous calcium phosphate ; Thermodynamics ; Apatite ; Octacalcium phosphate ; Tricalcium phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A thermodynamic analysis of the precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and its transformation to crystalline apatite has been made. A nearly constant ion product, over a wide variety of conditions, was obtained for a tricalcium phosphate (TCP)-like phase suggesting that the molecular unit which governs the solubility of ACP may be similar in composition to TCP. The introduction of 10% acid phosphate into the formula for the TCP ion product improves the fit of experimental data and results in an invariant ion product. The stability of ACP in solution was found to be dependent upon its thermodynamic instability with respect to an octacalcium phosphate (OCP)-like phase. The dependence of the induction period for the amorphous to crystalline transformation upon the pH and the Ca/P ratio of the solution is best explained by the assumption that an OCP-like phase is initially nucleated on the surfaces of the ACP particles. The events that occur in the immediate post-transition period suggest the hydrolysis of this OCP-like material to an apatitic phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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