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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol on immuno-endocrine changes during surgical stress (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 9 (1995), S. 214-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Total intravenous anesthesia ; Propofol ; Stress response ; Cytokines ; Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Endocrine factors and cytokines are crucial to host responses to stress and infection. Because surgery is a major stressful condition, it is necessary to understand the influence of specific anesthetic procedures on immune-endocrine responses. The purpose of this study was to compare total intravenous anesthesia with propofol with conventional inhalational anesthesia on circulating cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prolactin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH), and the cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6) in healthy patients undergoing tubal ligation. The results show that circulating cortisol was significantly suppressed ous propofol completely abolished the response of circulating cortisol to surgery. Because ACTH responses to surgery were similar in the two groups, the inhibition likely occurred directly on the adrenal glands. This study is the first to report the effects of anesthesia on circulating αMSH, which was decreased significantly after induction with both anesthetic techniques and was still depressed at 90 min in the propofol patients. Other aspects of immune-endocrine responses to surgery were similar irrespective of anesthetic type, which further suggests a specific suppression of adrenal function by propofol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02479866
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endocrine responses to total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl, and ketamine in cardiac patients (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 9 (1995), S. 224-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Endocrine responses ; Cardiopulmonary bypass ; Total intravenous anesthesia ; Ketamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ketamine-induced sympathetic stimulation can be inhibited by administration of sedatives such as benzodiazepines, droperidol, or opioids. We have developed total intravenous anesthesia with ketamine in combination with droperidol and fentanyl (DFK) and have used this anesthetic method in more than 4000 surgical cases. In this study, we compared DFK in cardiac surgery with isoflurane-fentanyl anesthesia (AOI-F). Fourteen patients undergoing aortocoronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomly assigned to the DFK or AOI-F groups. The endocrine responses of the patients were evaluated from the plasma, levels of cortisol, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and aldosterone. In both groups, anesthesia per se did not induced any significant changes in the hormones. Although cortisol and ADH increased during surgery, ANP and aldosterone did not change appreciably. All hormones were significantly elevated after the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no significant differences in any of the hormones, blood pressure, and heart rate measured at different points in both groups. These results showed that DFK anesthesia as a total intravenous anesthesia deserves to be studied in more depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02479868
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of ketamine during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac patients (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 9 (1995), S. 142-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Total intravenous anesthesia ; Ketamine ; Pharmacokinetics ; Cardiopulmonary bypass ; Hypothermia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) makes prediction of any drug concentration diffcult because both hypothermia and hemodilution can alter the pharmacokinetics of the drug. Eleven patients undergoing cardiac surgery under CPB were anesthetized with continuous infusion of ketamine combined with intermittent administration of droperidol and fentanyl. The infusion rate of ketamine was 2 mg·kg−1·hr−1 following a bolus administration of 1.5 mg·kg−1 for the induction of anesthesia. Blood concentrations of ketamine and its main metabolite, norketamine, were measured at 0, 30, and 60 min after the start of and the end of CPB, and 0, 1, 2, and 24 h after the cessation of ketamine infusion. Hypothermia increased blood ketamine levels during CPB, but the norketamine levels did not change. Although acute hemodilution would decrease blood ketamine levels, their levels were already significantly increased at 30 min after CPB. Hypothermic factors have a more kinetically important role during CPB than hemodilution. Increases in blood norketamine levels following rewarming indicate that hypothermia could impair ketamine metabolism in the liver. Further increase in the plasma concentration of ketamine until 30 min after the end of CPB might be due to blood transfusion containing ketamine from the CPB reservoir.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02479845
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Middle-ear pressure variations during total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, fentanyl, and ketamine (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 12 (1998), S. 17-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Middle-ear pressure ; Total intravenous anesthesia ; Propofol ; Fentanyl ; Ketamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose As the middle-ear cavity is one of the noncompliant gas-filled cavities, an increase in middle-ear pressure (MEP) instead of volume expansion is observed with inhalation of nitrous oxide (N2O). Changes in MEP cause many complications, such as ear pain, temporary hearing impairment, and postoperative emesis. Therefore, we investigated changes in MEP during total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol, fentanyl, and ketamine (PFK) and inhalation of N2O. Methods Twelve patients were anesthetized with PFK until 60 min after the induction of anesthesia, and then N2O (60%) inhalation was started. MEP was measured by impedance audiometry (ranging from −300 daPa to +200 daPa) at 10-min intervals during PFK, and at 2-min intervals after the inhalation of N2O. Results MEP gradually but significantly increased from the preanesthetic value of 16±8 to 34±12 (SEM) daPa 50 min after the induction of PFK. However, MEP did not exceed the normal limit. The values of MEP in all patients were more than 200 daPa within 36 min after the start of inhalation of N2O in oxygen. Conclusion PFK had a minimal effect on MEP, whereas addition of N2O to PFK increased MEP dramatically. Therefore, TIVA, or at least PFK, would be a better choice for patients with middle-ear or upper-airway diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02480760
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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