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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recurrent selection programs for white clover (Trifolium repens L.) using self-compatible plants. I. Selection of self-compatible plants and inheritance of a self-compatibility factor (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 44 (1989), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Trifolium repens ; white clover ; self-compatibility ; inheritance ; recurrent selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary When white clover plants were self-pollinated, 75% of a 143-plant population did not set seed. Plants which did set small numbers of seed probably did so as a result of pseudo-self-compatibility. One highly self-compatible plant was selected from the breeding materials. The S2 progeny of this plant was autogamous and genetically fixed for morphology and isozyme patterns. Genetic analyses of self-compatibility were conducted as far as the F3 progeny. It was concluded from these data that self-compatibility was inherited in a simple Mendelian way and that plants homozygous for self-compatibility were obtained. There was no correlation between presence or absence of self-compatibility and growth vigor. The possibility of application of self-compatible plants to recurrent selection procedures is outlined and the utilization of self-compatible plants in white clover breeding programs is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022613
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of a highly-regenerative genotype of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and plant regeneration from protoplasts derived from this genotype (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 44 (1989), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Trifolium repens ; white clover ; callus ; genotypic variation ; protoplast ; plant regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Callus cultures were induced from hypocotyl sections of 24 varieties of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). The calli did not show any significant difference of growth among the varieties. After the calli has been transferred to three regeneration media, green-spot formation was observed on calli derived from some seedlings. Remarkable intra- and intervarietal variations in the emergence of green spots and some trends between the origin of varieties and the frequency of green spots were observed. In most cases, the green spots turned brown without showing further differentiation, and only two genotypes formed shoots. A callus from a seedling of the Swedish variety ‘Undrom’ has sustained high levels of plant regeneration throughout 24 months of culture. Protoplasts derived from this selected genotype were divided into cell colonies. 8P (Kao, 1977) medium containing 0.5 mg/1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/1 kinetin was the most suitable medium for inducing divisions in protoplasts. When subcultured into solid B5 medium, the colonies produced calli, which when transferred to a regeneration medium, formed shoots. This genotype is expected to a useful subject for genetic engineering of white clover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037524
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivar variation for seed development in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 65 (1992), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: ovule number ; ovule sterility ; seed abortion ; seed set ; Trifolium repens ; white clover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A controlled environment study was undertaken to clarify the factors responsible for poor seed set and to study seed development, ovule degeneration and seed abortion, both morphologically and cytologically, in three Japanese cultivars of white clover. Although the mean number of ovules per floret was 4.2–5.1, the average number of seeds per floret was found to be only 2.3–2.7. Microscopic examination of carpels from 0 to 28 days following floret maturity and pollination showed that 26–33% and 8–17% of the total seeds lost occurred within the first three days and the third through fifth day following pollination, respectively. Beyond this period occasional seed abortion was observed at all stages of seed development, but this represented a very small proportion (2–7%) of the total seeds lost. A stain clearing technique was used to examine the cytoplasmic state of the embryo sac in intact, unfertilized, mature ovules and embryos of the ovules at 3 and 5-day periods following pollination. It was found that 20–22% of unfertilized and matured ovules were sterile, suggesting that ovule degeneration before fertilization was the major cause for the high percentage of seeds lost within a 0 to 3-day period following pollination. Cytological observations revealed that abortion of developing seed was due to a sudden arrest in embryo growth and that the early development of the embryo of such aborting seed was normal. Either nutrient shortage or meiotic irregularities may be the cause for high ovule sterility or post-fertilization abortion of developing seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023085
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant regeneration of meristematic callus of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cooled to −196°C by vitrification (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 70 (1993), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: cryopreservation ; meristemoid ; Trifolium repens ; vitrification ; white clover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A callus line of white clover capable of forming numerous meristemoids (meristematic cell masses) has been selected and subcultured on agar B5 medium containing 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l kinetin for three years. The meristematic callus was successfully cryopreserved by vitrification and subsequently regenerated plants. Preculturing callus in liquid B5 medium containing 0.6 M sorbitol at 25°C for 16 hr was essential to the process. Precultured samples (50 mg) were transferred to a 1.8 ml plastic cryotube and then 1 ml of a highly concentrated cryoprotective solution (designated PVS2) was added and mixed. After treatment with PVS2 at 25°C for 7 min or 0°C for 20 min, the sample was directly plunged into LN. After rapid warming, PVS2 was drained from the cryotubes and replaced twice with liquid B5 medium containing 1.2 M sucrose. Samples were transferred onto filter disc over agar B5 medium. Some surviving cells in the cryopreserved meristematic callus proliferated and produced new meristemoids. After 30 days the meristematic callus was transferred onto hormone-free MS agar medium. The meristemoids developed directly into shoots and spontaneously formed roots. Plant regeneration efficiency expressed as a percent of control amounted to about 90%. This vitrification method appears promising as a routine method for cryopreserving meristematic callus of white clover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023760
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformation of diastereomeric peptide sequences: Structural analysis of Z-D-Val-Ac6c-Gly-L-Phe-OMe (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 32 (1992), S. 1155-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have recently undertaken a systematic structural analysis of fully protected tetrapeptides containing at the N- and C-terminus either homo- or heterochiral amino acids, spaced by an achiral dipeptide segment. The interest for this class of peptides derives from the observation that, on reverse-phase (HPLC), the homo- and heterochiral sequences have a markedly different retention times. The diastereomeric sequences, namely Z-(L/D)-Val-X-Y-L-Phe-OMe (X = Sar, Gly, Ac3c, Aib, Ac5c, Ac6c, Deg, Dpg, Dbu, Dip, Dph; Y = Sar, Gly, Ac3c, Aib, Ac6c, Ac6c) show different overall hydrophobicity attributed to a different three-dimensional structure that also depends on the X-Y segment. Therefore, following preliminary studies in solution, we report here the detailed x-ray analysis of the tetrapeptide Z-D-Val-Ac6c-Gly-L-Phe-OMe in order to understand the structural features governing the overall hydrophobicity of linear fully protected tetrapeptides. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360320904
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixed conformation in Cα,α-disubstituted tripeptides: X-ray crystal structures of Z-Aib-Dph-Gly-Ome and Bz-Dph-Dph-Gly-Ome (1994)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 34 (1994), S. 1595-1604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report here the synthesis and molecular structure in the solid state of fully protected tripeptides containing Cα,α-diphenylglycine (Dph), namely Z-Aib-Dph-Gly-OMe (Aib: Cα,α-dimethylgrycine) and Bz-Dph-Dph-Gly-OMe. The molecular conformation around the Dph residue, containing two bulky substituents, is fully extended, while the Aib residue, containing two smaller groups on the Cα atom, adopts the typical 310/α-helical conformation. Gly residues, without substituents on the Cα atom, show different conformational preferences. Each residue seems to behave, from a conformational point of view, independently from the presence of the other residues, and thus mixed local conformations (folded and extended) are present in the crystals. The nonconventional peptide synthesis, using the Ugi reaction, is also reported. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360341204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical model for a semicontinuous esterification process with recycle between terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 731-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new mathematical model has been derived for a semicontinuous recycle esterification process that consists of two reactors, one has the recycle flow to or from another and the discharge flow of the main flow and another has only recycle flow without the discharge flow. This model can give useful information about the optimum design of a new plant through the predictions of oligomer characteristics such as concentrations of carboxyl and hydroxyl end groups, number-average molecular weight, number-average degree of polymerization, esterification and saponification degree, diethylene glycol content, melting point, concentrations of ethylene glycol and water in the vapor phase, and so on.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450420
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of titanium dioxide on direct esterification between terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 765-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Experiments at various concentrations for A and B kinds of titanium dioxide were made in the pilot plant, and the effect of titanium dioxide on continuous esterification between terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol was obtained. Reaction rate constants of the reaction scheme reported by Yamada et al. (1985) were determined o fit with the experimental data obtained. It was found that titanium dioxide ([TDO]) does not exert an influence on the reaction rate constants of k1, k2, and k4 but does on the reaction rate constants of k3, k5, k6, and k7 as follows: kl = 1.5657 × 109 exp(-19,640/RT)k2 = 1.5515 × 108exp(-18,140/RT)k3 = (0.10[TDO] + 1) × 3.5165 × 109 exp(-22,310/RT)k4 = 6.7640 × 107 exp(-18,380/RT)k5 = (0.08[TDO] + 1) × 7.7069 exp(-2,810/RT)k6 = (0.04[TDO] + 1 ) × 6.2595 × 106 exp(-14,960/RT)k7 = (0.60[TDO] + 1) × 2.0583 × 1015 exp(-42,520/RT) for B kindk7 = (0.085714[TDO] + 1) × 2.0583 × 1015 exp(-42,520/RT) for A kind Applying these reaction rate constants, simulation of continuous esterification in the first tank reactor was made and the following results were obtained ( 1) The acceleration effect of titanium dioxide on the esterification reaction is minor, and there is hardly any difference in the effect on the esterification due to kinds of titanium dioxide. ( 2 ) The amount of diethylene glycol formation largely varies with kinds of titanium dioxide.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450503
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