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  • Tumor suppressor gene  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 357-360 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tumor suppressor gene ; p53 ; Macrophage ; Giant cell ; Cell cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Accumulation of p53 has been reported in nearly all malignant human tumours. Macrophage derived giant cells of sarcoid granulomas in human lung tissue also show intense staining for p53 while normal alveolar macrophages remain unstained. Since sarcoid giant cells are not considered to be either pre-neoplastic nor to exhibit p53 gene mutations, two different physiological functions of p53 may be illustrated. Alveolar macrophages were isolated from rat lungs and cultured in vitro. Accumulation of p53 was observed by indirect immunohistochemistry after application of polyclonal rabbit serum directed against murine p53 (CM5). Antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibodies were used to study DNA synthesis. Most of the multinucleated giant cells derived from macrophages accumulated p53 in the cytoplasm, while only few nuclei were stained. PCNA was found in most giant cells nuclei. However, PCNA positivity was visible in few mononucleated macrophages. Isolated alveolar macrophages in vitro clearly divide and since nuclear division is a late event in the cell cycle, p53 may be involved in G1/S-control and in other cell-cycle-checkpoints between mitosis and cytokinesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 15 (1994), S. 321-330 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lunge ; Tumorsuppressorgene ; Onkogene ; Krebsentstehung ; Key words Lung ; Tumor suppressor gene ; Oncogene ; Cancerogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The recent results obtained from investigations based on molecular biological techniques have led to a better understanding of recurrent genetic causes important for the pathogenesis of tumors. Several genes have been identified as being involved in the development of cancer. In many cases, the activation of oncogenes or the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes is the predominant reason for cancerogenic cell transformation. Functional dysregulation is frequently the consequence of mutations, resulting in an alteration of the primary structure of the DNA. As our understanding of the nature, function, and interaction of these genes evolves, new opportunities for early diagnosis, classification, prevention, and treatment of malignant tumors will arise. The present report summarizes the current molecular biological aspects of several oncogenes (erbB, ras, myc, raf, fos, jun, bcl, mdm 2, myb, kit CSF1R, met) and tumor suppressor genes (p 53, rb, mts) involved in lung-cancer development with respect to the pathology of lung tumors, including the importance of these genes as far as the clinical course of the disease is concerned.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Fortschritte der letzten Jahre, insbesondere auf dem Gebiet der molekularen Genetik, haben wesentlich zum besseren Verständnis der Genese und Progression von Tumoren beigetragen. Nach dem heutigen Erkenntnisstand besitzen morphologisch als tumorös charakterisierte Zellen unterschiedliche genetische Alterationen. Im Verlauf der Tumorprogression kann es zusätzlich zur Akkumulation weiterer genetischer Alterationen kommen. Nach den heute vorherrschenden Arbeitshypothesen sind für eine bösartige Entartung von Zellen 3–10, in der Regel unabhängige genetische Alterationen Voraussetzung. Die Veränderungen in der Erbsubstanz betreffen überwiegend solche Gene, die direkt oder indirekt das Wachstum, die Proliferation oder die Differenzierung der Zelle regulieren. Die für die Entstehung von Tumoren verantwortlichen Gene werden dabei in die Klassen der Onkogene und der Tumor Suppressor Gene oder Anti-Onkogene eingeteilt. Bei Onkogenen führt definitionsgemäß erst eine (Über-) Aktivierung des betreffenden (Proto-) Onkogens zu einer Entartung der Zelle – bei Tumor-Suppressor-Genen ist eine (Teil-) Inaktivierung des Gens Voraussetzung für eine Transformation der Zelle. Neben chromosomalen Abnormalitäten, die in der Regel größere Genomabschnitte betreffen und zum Teil bereits auf lichtmikroskopischer Ebene diagnostiziert werden, spielen bei der Genese und Progression von Lungentumoren gerade genetische Alterationen in Onko- oder Tumor-Suppressor-Genen eine zentrale Rolle. Die vorliegende Übersicht faßt Erkenntnisse über die Gene zusammen, die heute als Faktoren bei der Kanzerogenese von Lungentumoren Bedeutung erlangt haben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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