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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic diversity in European wheat and spelt breeding material based on RFLP data (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 994-1003 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Spelt ; RFLP ; Marker Genetic diversity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Fifty-two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), nine spring wheat, and 20 spelt (Triticum spelta L.) lines representing part of the European breeding germplasm, were assayed for RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) with 56 wheat DNA clones and two barley cDNA clones. Objectives of this study were to (1) determine the level of variation for RFLPs in the wheat and spelt breeding lines, (2) characterize the genetic diversity within the European winter wheat germplasm, and (3) evaluate the usefulness of RFLP markers for pedigree analysis and the grouping of wheat and spelt lines of various origins. Seventy-three of the 166 RFLP loci detected with 58 probes and one restriction enzyme were polymorphic for the 81 lines. The percentage of polymorphic loci was greatest for the B genome (58%) and smallest for the D genome (21%). Among the 81 lines, 271 different RFLP bands were detected. RFLP band frequencies of the winter wheat lines differed considerably (≥0.5) from those of the spring wheat lines at five loci, and from those of the spelt lines at 17 loci. Eight cultivars that had a major impact as progenitors on the development of improved winter wheat cultivars accounted for 93% of the observed RFLP bands in winter wheat. Genetic distance (GD) estimates between two lines ranged between 0.01 and 0.21. Mean GD estimates within winter wheat (0.083), within spring wheat (0.108) and within spelt (0.096) were smaller than between spring and winter wheat (0.114), and greatest between winter wheat and spelt (0.132) and spring wheat and spelt (0.148). Principal coordinate analysis performed on GD estimates revealed a clear separation of wheat and spelt germplasm. Novel spelt lines with various proportions of wheat germplasm were positioned between wheat and traditional spelt lines. The spring wheat lines formed a distinct group at the periphery of the distribution of the winter wheat lines. Subgroupings of the winter wheat lines according to the cluster analysis were in good agreement with their origin, and lines with common ancestors were grouped together.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220807
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variation of characters in near-isogenic lines of wheat with added genes for leaf rust resistance (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 45 (1990), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; near-isogenic lines ; NILs ; Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici ; leaf rust ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust ; backcross ; variation ; background resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Using the cultivar Arina as the recurrent parent, six backcrosses were made with two donor lines carrying the leaf rust resistance genes Lr1 and Lr9, respectively. Selection for leaf rust resistance occurred at the seedling stage in the greenhouse; the first plants transferred to the field were BC6F4s. Frequency distribution of the 332 Lr1/7 × Arina and the 335 Lr9/7 × Arina lines showed continuous variation for yellow rust resistance and heading date in these leaf rust near-isogenic lines (NILs). Similar results were also obtained for plant height, for resistance to powdery mildew and glume blotch, as well as for baking quality characters in another set of more advanced NILs. The available information on the behaviour of one of the parents of cultivar Arina led to the conclusion that the expressed yellow rust resistance is quantitative and might possibly be durable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032154
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of resistance of triticale, wheat and spelt to septoria nodorum blotch at the seedling and adult plant stages (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 55 (1991), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): adult plant resistance ; seedling resistance ; Septoria nodorum ; septoria nodorum blotch ; X Triticosecale ; triticale ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; T. spelta ; spelt
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary On average, the cereal species studied were susceptible to septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), except for spring triticale on leaf and head and winter titicale on leaf, that appeared to be significantly more resistant, than the other ones. In all three species the SNB response of the adult plants was to a limited extent only predicted by the reaction on first leaf seedlings. In most cases it was impossible to predict the response to SNB of adult plants on the basis of seedling reaction. Correlations between the adult plant stage and the seedling stage, or detached seedling leaves, appears not to be sufficient for use in practical breeding work. A reversal of reaction to SNB was even found between the above growth stages in studied spring and winter wheat varieties.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022558
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of the yield potential and yield components of F1 and F2 hybrids of crosses between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spelt (Triticum spelta L.) (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 74 (1993), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): hybrids ; crosses ; spelt ; Triticum spelta ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; yield components
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary F1 and F2 hybrids were produced using three winter wheat varieties (Bernina = biscuit wheat, Arina and Forno = bread wheat) and two spelt cultivars (Oberkulmer and Rouquin). Data are based on field trials in 1989 and 1990. All the combinations tested gave a very high relative heterosis on grain yield per ear, varying between 29.9% and 47.6% with an average of 42.1%. Even the higher parent was outyielded by 24.1% to 45.7%. This was the result of a heterosis effect on the two yield parameters grain number per ear and single grain weight. In the F2, heterosis for grain yield per ear was not significant with a range between 3.9% and 12.0%. F1 hybrids showed a heterosis effect on plant height but no hybrid was taller than the spelt parents. These data show that the gene pool of spelt could be potentially usefull for the selection of parents for hybrid production. For practical applications there remain several problems to be solved. Despite the very high heterosis effect the yield potential of spelt needs to be improved. No short spelt varieties exist at present to produce hybrids short enough for commercial application. Technical problems in the seed production arise because of the close tightness of the spelt glumes hampering either the pollination by the wheat parent or the pollen dispersal if used as a pollinator. However, a breeding effort to select for improved parents within the gene pool of spelt appears useful for future F1 hybrids between spelt and wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040403
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of disease resistance and quality characters of F1 hybrids of crosses between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and spelt (Triticum spelta) (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 75 (1994), S. 105-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): wheat ; spelt ; crosses ; hybrids ; quality ; disease resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary With the objective of creating new combinations of disease resistance and quality, hybrids between wheat and spelt (spelt is well adapted to cool and wet conditions) were produced and the expression of heterosis was analysed. Three winter wheat varieties were crossed reciprocally with two spelt cultivars and the F1 hybrids were tested under artificial inoculation with stripe rust, powdery mildew and leaf rust. Disease susceptibility and quality characters (protein content, Zeleny value, grain hardness) were assessed in two year field trials. For stripe rust the F1 hybrids were resistant if one of the wheat parents was resistant. Combinations with the susceptible wheat cultivar ‘Arina’ were all susceptible irrespective of using a resistant spelt partner. Although the infection with powdery mildew was rather low, a similar reaction was obtained with the susceptible wheat variety ‘Bernina’. Leaf rust revealed very specific varietal influences. The two susceptible wheat varieties ‘Bernina’ and ‘Arina’ resulted in susceptible F1 hybrids when combined with a moderately resistant spelt. Only when they were crossed with a resistant spelt cultivar the F1 hybrids were resistant. ‘Forno’, a leaf rust resistant wheat, gave resistant F1 hybrids in all combinations. Without exception the quality characters tested showed a negative heterosis effect resulting in protein levels and Zeleny values close to or below the values of the lower parent. It appears to be possible to produce resistant F1 hybrids, mostly dominated by the resistance level of the wheat partner. The quality of the hybrids is mainly suitable for biscuit and spelt specific products; it needs specific screening for combinations with acceptable breadmaking quality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024537
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of molecular markers linked to the Agropyron elongatum-derived leaf rust resistance gene Lr24 in wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 982-990 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Leaf rust ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Wheat ; Agropyron elongatum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to the wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr24 derived from Agropyron elongatum (3DL/3Ag translocation). Two near isogenic lines (NILs), ‘Arina’ and Lr24/7 * “Arina”, were screened for polymorphism at the DNA level with 115 RFLP probes. Twenty-one of these probes map to the homoeologous group 3. In addition, 360 RAPD primers were tested on the NILs. Six RFLP probes showed polymorphism between the NILs, and 11 RAPD primers detected one additional band in the resistant NIL. The genetic linkage of the polymorphic markers with Lr24 was tested on a segregating F2 population (150 plants) derived from a cross between the leaf rust resistant Lr24/7 * “Arina” and the susceptible spelt (Triticum spelta) variety ‘Oberkulmer’. All 6 RFLP markers were completely linked to Lr24: one was inherited as a codominant marker (PSR1205), one was in coupling phase (PSR1203) and 4 were in repulsion phase (PSR388, PSR904, PSR931, PSR1067) with Lr24. The localization of these probes on chromosome 3D was confirmed by nulli-tetrasomic analysis. Distorted genotypic segregation was found for the Codominant RFLP marker PSR1205. This distortion can be explained by the occurrence of hemizygous plants. One of the 11 RAPD markers (OPJ-09) also showed complete linkage to theLr24 resistance gene. The polymorphic RAPD fragment was cloned and sequenced. Specific primers were synthesized, and they produced an amplification product only in the resistant plants. This specific marker allows a reliable and rapid screening of a large number of genotypes in practical breeding. Analysis of 6 additional lines containing Lr24 revealed that 3 lines have a smaller chromosomal segment of A. elongatum than lines derived from ‘Agent’, a commonly used gene donor for the Lr24 resistance gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222911
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