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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (22)
  • allelochemical  (5)
  • sorghum  (4)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (3)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interactions of temperature and ferulic acid stress on grain sorghum and soybeans (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 161-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Ferulic acid ; allelopathy ; temperature stress ; sorghum ; soybean
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that alleiopathic effects of ferulic acid (FA) may be altered by the temperature conditions of the growth environment. Growth of grain sorghum and soybean seedlings over a 10-day treatment period showed that a significant interaction effect occurred between environmental temperatures and FA treatments. Sorghum grown with an average day temperature of 37 °C and soybeans grown at 34 °C had greater dry weight reductions caused by FA than when the respective environments were 8 °C and 11 °C lower. The threshold concentration for inhibition of sorghum growth was 0.2 mM FA under the hot conditions and 0.4 mM FA with the cooler conditions. Soybeans were more sensitive than sorghum, and these inhibition thresholds for the hot and cool environments were 0.1 and 0.25 mM FA. These results demonstrate that temperature stress enhances allelochemical inhibition and indicate that interactions with the environment are an important consideration for understanding allelopathy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987653
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use ofLemna minor L. as a bioassay in allelopathy (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Bioassay ; Lemna minor ; allelochemical ; allelopathy ; duckweed
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Investigations in allelopathy often require the use of a bioassay for evaluating limited quantities of potentially active growth regulators. A bioassay procedure was developed usingL. minor grown in 1.5-ml aliquots of nutrient medium with and without allelochemicals in wells of 24-well tissue culture cluster dishes with loose-fitting lids. Tests using six replications per treatment with several flavonoid compounds and derivatives of coumarin, benzoic acid, and cinnamic acid demonstrated that the bioassay was capable of measuring inhibition at levels of compound ranging from 50 to 1000 μmol. Strongly inhibitory treatments were visible after 1 or 2 days. After 7 days of growth, frond number, growth rate, and dry weight were used to evaluate effects. The bioassay system is relatively simple, very sensitive, reproducible, and can be used for testing small amounts and dilute concentrations of unknowns which have been separated by chromatography.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987606
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sorgoleone from root exudate inhibits mitochondrial functions (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 197-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sorgoleone ; mitochondria ; inhibitor ; allelochemical ; allelopathy ; root exudate ; Sorghum bicolor ; electron transport
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of this investigation was to determine if sorgoleone (SGL), a hydrophobic compound inSorghum bicolor (L.) Moench root exudate, interferes with mitochondrial functions. Tests were conducted on mitochondria isolated from etiolated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings. The data show SGL is a potent inhibitor of state 3 and state 4 respiration rates in both soybean and corn. Using either NADH, succinate, or malate as substrate, the I50 was about 0.5μM SGL for state 3 and 5.0μM for state 4 based on 0.3–0.5 mg mitochondrial protein. Absorption spectra indicate SGL blocks electron transport at theb-c 1 complex. These data show that disruption of mitochondrial function may be a mechanism of SGL-mediated growth inhibition previously reported and demonstrate a probable role of SGL inSorghum allelopathy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993753
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of juglone on growth, photosynthesis, and respiration (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 559-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Juglone ; allelopathy ; allelochemical ; photosynthesis ; chioroplast ; mitochondria ; Lemna minor ; Glycine max
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The impacts of juglone on plant growth and several other physiological functions were evaluated in this study. Juglone inhibitedLemna minor growth, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthesis at treatments between 10 and 40μM. Soybean leaf disks vacuum infiltrated with as little as 10μM juglone had reduced photosynthesis. Oxygen evolution by chloroplasts isolated fromPisum sativum was inhibited by juglone with an I50 of 2μM. Micromolar treatments of juglone stimulated oxygen uptake in mitochondria isolated fromGlycine max. These data suggest perturbations of chloroplast and mitochondrial functions may contribute to plant growth reductions observed in juglone-mediated allelopathy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994325
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of three phenolic acids on chlorophyll content and growth of soybean and grain sorghum seedlings (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 815-824 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Ferulic acid ; p-coumaric acid ; vanillic acid ; chlorophyll a ; chlorophyll b ; allelopathy ; inhibitors ; soybean ; sorghum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that interference with chlorophyll metabolism may be one mechanism of inhibition of plant growth in allelopathic interactions. Effects of ferulic,p-coumaric, and vanillic acids on soybean and grain sorghum growth and chlorophyll content were quantified and compared after seedlings were treated with these compounds in a nutrient culture. Following a 6-day treatment cycle, dry weights of soybean seedlings were reduced by both 10−3 M and 5 × 10−4 M treatments of ferulic,p-coumaric and vanillic acids. Soybean weight reductions in each case were paralleled by a significant reduction in the concentration (μg Chl/mg dry wt) of chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll in the unifoliate leaves. Sorghum seedling growth was also reduced by each of the compounds at the 5 × 10−4 M level, but leaf chlorophyll concentration was not below that of control plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986566
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phytotoxicity of sorgoleone found in grain Sorghum root exudates (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sorgoleone ; phytotoxin ; allelochemical ; allelopathy ; root exudate ; Sorghum bicolor ; Sorghums ; weed inhibition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Root exudates ofSorghum bicolor consist primarily of a dihydroquinone that is quickly oxidized to ap-benzoquinone named sorgoleone. The aim of this investigation was to determine the potential activity of sorgoleone as an inhibitor of weed growth. Bioassays showed 125μM sorgoleone reduced radicle elongation ofEragrostis tef. In liquid culture, 50-μM sorgoleone treatments stunted the growth ofLemna minor. Over a 10-day treatment period, 10μM sorgoleone in the nutrient medium reduced the growth of all weed seedlings tested:Abutilon theophrasti, Datura stramonium, Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria viridis, Digitaria sanguinalis, andEchinochloa crusgalli. These data show sorgoleone has biological activity at extremely low concentrations, suggesting a strong contribution toSorghum allelopathy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997160
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synergistic inhibitory effects ofp-coumaric and ferulic acids on germination and growth of grain sorghum (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): synergism ; ferulic acid ; p-coumaric acid ; allelopathy ; phytotoxicity ; inhibition ; sorghum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The data support the hypothesis that there is a synergistic phytotoxic effect whenp-coumaric and ferulic acids are found together. Equimolar mixtures of both acids showed greater reduction in sorghum seed germination, shoot elongation, and total seedling growth than either phytotoxin caused when alone. Repeated experiments showed mixtures containing 5×10−3 Mp-coumaric and 5×10−3 M ferulic acids reduced germination to 34% of controls after 24 hr and 59% by 48 hr. The same concentration of either phenol-treated seeds alone showed 69 and 92% germination at comparable times. The phytotoxic action of the combination approximated the inhibitory effect on germination of 10−2 M ferulic acid and was a greater reduction than caused by 10−2 Mp-coumaric treatments. Sorghum seedling growth was more sensitive than germination, with an equimolar mixture of 2.5×10−4 Mp-coumaric and 2.5×10−4 M ferulic acids reducing seedling dry weight significantly below weights of seedlings treated separately with 2.5×10−4 Mp-coumaric or ferulic acids. Further dilutions showed a 1.25×10−4 M concentration of either phenol was stimulatory to seedling growth, whereas a mixture of these two produced inhibition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994146
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synergistic inhibitory effects of vanillic andp-hydroxybenzoic acids on radish and grain sorghum (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 425-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): synergism ; vanillic acid ; p-hydroxybenzoic acid ; allelopathy ; inhibition ; sorghum ; radish
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Radish and grain sorghum germination and sorghum growth were inhibited in a synergistic manner by combinations of vanillic andp-hydroxybenzoic acids. At threshold inhibition levels, 2.5 × 10−3 M vanillic acid-treated radish seeds had 71 % of control germination after 24 hr and 2.5 × 10−3 Mp-hydroxybenzoic acid-treated radish yielded 95% germination. A mixture of 2.5 × 10−3 M of each of these two phytotoxins showed 52% germination after 24 hr. Equimolar mixtures of 5 × 10−3 M vanillic andp-hydroxybenzoic acids allowed sorghum germination of 60% of untreated seeds after 24 hr, whereas separate treatments of individual phenols had 93% and 96% of control seed germination. Sorghum root and shoot elongation and total seedling growth were more sensitive than germination to vanillic andp-hydroxybenzoic acid treatments, and synergistic effects also were apparent. A combination of 5 × 10−3 M vanillic with 5 × 10−3 Mp-hydroxybenzoic reduced root length more than either did individually, and a mixture of 5 × 10−4 M vanillic with 5 × 10−4 Mp-hydroxybenzoic acid reduced sorghum seedling growth to approximately that resulting from a 10−3 M concentration of either phenol alone. Phytotoxin levels inhibitory to sorghum growth caused small increases in lower leaf surface diffusive resistance, but did not close stomates, and this effect was not judged to be the cause of reduced sorghum growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989499
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of root exudate sorgoleone on photosynthesis (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 369-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sorgoleone ; allelochemical ; allelopathy ; photosynthesis ; chloroplast ; root exudate ; Sorghum bicolor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of this investigation was to determine if sorgoleone (SGL), ap-benzoquinone inSorghum bicolor root exudate, is a photosynthesis inhibitor. Assays usingGlycine max leaf disks showed concentrations as low as 10μM SGL inhibited oxygen evolution more than 50%. Tests conducted on chloroplasts isolated fromPisum sativum showed that SGL is a powerful inhibitor of CO2-dependent oxygen evolution. Using a chloroplast suspension equivalent to 80–100μg chlorophyll, the I50 was approximately 0.2μM SGL. These data indicate inhibition of photosynthesis is part of the explanation for growth reduction caused by this allelochemical.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993702
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A microscopic study of the adrenal of the Brown PelicanAided by a grant from The Comly Fund of The Ohio State University. (1951)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 109 (1951), S. 161-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091090204
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