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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Albuminuria in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in Pima Indians (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 870-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Albuminuria ; prevalence ; diabetic nephropathy ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; impaired glucose tolerance ; American Indians
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prevalence of abnormal urinary albumin excretion, defined by a urine albumin to creatinine ratio〉-30 mg/g (approximately equivalent to an albumin excretion rate of 〉-30 mg/24 h), was determined in 2728 Pima Indians aged 〉-15 years from the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona, a population with a high prevalence of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Excessive albumin excretion was present in 8% of subjects with normal glucose tolerance, 15% of those with impaired glucose tolerance, and 47% of subjects with diabetes. The intermediate prevalence of abnormal albuminuria in those with impaired glucose tolerance suggests that hyperglycaemia even at levels below those diagnostic of diabetes is associated with renal abnormalities in some subjects and that these abnormalities may precede the onset of diabetes. Abnormal albuminuria at levels not reliably detected by the usual dipstick methods was commonly observed in Pima Indians with diabetes, even those with diabetes of recent onset. Associations were found with age, duration of diabetes, level of glycaemia, blood pressure, and treatment with insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297452
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of end-stage renal disease in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in pima indians (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 730-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: End-stage renal disease ; diabetic nephropathy ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ; incidence ; Pima Indians
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of end-stage renal disease was determined in the Pima Indians of the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona, a population with a high prevalence of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Between 1975 and 1986, from a study population of 5059 subjects, end-stage renal disease occurred in 80 persons, 76 (95%) of whom had Type 2 diabetes. A review of the cases with end-stage renal disease indicated that among the diabetic subjects only two cases could be attributed to nondiabetic renal disease; all other cases were attributable to diabetic nephropathy. In diabetic Pima Indians the incidence rate of end-stage renal disease did not change during the study period, was similar in men and women, and was not effected by age at diagnosis of diabetes or by attained age, but did increase significantly with hypertension (p〈0.05). The incidence of end-stage renal disease attributed to diabetic nephropathy increased from 0 cases/1000 person-years at 0–5 years to 40.8 cases/1000 person-years at ≥ 20 years duration of diabetes. In these subjects with Type 2 diabetes, the incidence rate of end-stage renal disease was similar to that in subjects with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes who were followed at the Joslin Clinic in Boston, Massachusetts when those with similar duration of diabetes were compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274774
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerance of the antiarrhythmic agent transcainide (R 54718) (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: transcainide ; antiarrhythmic drugs ; cardiac arrhythmias ; adverse effects ; ventricular arrhythmias ; supraventricular arrhythmias
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antiarrhythmic efficacy of transcainide has been studied in 41 patients. It abolished ventricular arrhythmias in 10 out of 12 patients after i.v. administration and in 11 out of 14 after oral administration. It also reduced ventricular arrhythmias during recovery from exercise. The maximum intravenous dose prolonged the PR-interval by 43% and QRS-duration by 37%. Side-effects observed in 6 out of 41 patients included Mobitz Type I AV block, complete bundle branch block, hypotension and increased arrhythmia frequency. Transcainide is a promising new antiarrhythmic drug which should be used with caution in patients with conduction disorders and impaired cardiac function. Its value and safety in the chronic oral treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias remains to be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637668
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular and functional diversity of cloned cardiac potassium channels (1993)
    Springer
    Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 7 (1993), S. 585-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: K+ channel ; IT0 ; delayed rectifier ; antiarrhythmic drugs ; cardiac excitation-contraction coupling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Action potential duration is an important determinant of refractoriness in cardiac tissue and thus of the ability to propagate electrical impulses. Action potential duration is controlled in part by activation of K+ currents. Block of K+ channels and the resultant prolongation of action potential duration has become an increasingly attractive mode of anti-arrhythmic intervention. Detailed investigation of individual cardiac K+ channels has been hampered by the presence of multiple types of K+ channels in cardiac cells and the difficulty of isolating individual currents. We have approached this problem by employing a combination molecular cloning technology, heterologous channel expression systems, and biophysical analysis of expressed channels. We have focused on six different channels cloned from the rat and human cardiovascular systems. Each channel has unique functional and pharmacological characteristics, and as a group they comprise a series of mammalian K+ channel isoforms that can account for some of the diversity of channels in the mammalian heart. Each channel appears to be encoded by a different gene with little or no evidence for alternate splicing of RNA transcripts to account for the differences in primary amino acid sequence. In addition to the unique kinetic properties of these channel isoforms when expressed as homotetrameric assemblies, the formation of heterotetrameric K+ channels is also observed. The formation of heterotetrameric channels from the different gene products to create new channels with unique kinetic and pharmacological properties might further account for cardiac K+ channel diversity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877624
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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