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  • arterio-venous shunting  (3)
  • B cell  (2)
  • Transfer cell  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The many faces of Hodgkin's disease around the world: What have we learned from its pathology? (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 9 (1998), S. 45-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): B cell ; classification ; EBV ; epidemiology ; Hodgkin's disease ; immunophenotype ; lymphoma ; molecular genetics ; pathology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In the past decade there have been many advances in our understanding of Hodgkin's disease. Among the most important is the discovery that the Reed-Sternberg cell is a lymphoid cell, in most cases a B cell, and that it is clonal, and thus a true lymphoma, deserving of a name change, to 'Hodgkin's lymphoma' (HL). Based on a combination of immunophenotype and morphology, the R.E.A.L. Classification recognizes two main types of HL: classical types (nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-rich classical HL, and lymphocyte depletion) and nodular lymphocyte predominance type (NLPHL), which probably represent distinct biological entities. The immunophenotype and genetic features of both classical HL and NLPHL have been defined. These are useful in the subclassification of HL and in distinguishing HL from two recently-described, aggressive lymphomas that were in the past often diagnosed as HL: anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, T-cell type (ALCL), and T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (T/HRBCL). Epstein-Barr virus has been detected in approximately 40% of the cases of classical HL, and is clonal, suggesting that this virus may play a role in the pathogenesis of at least some types of HL. The frequency of HL varies in different populations, and the frequency of EBV-positive HL appears to be inversely related to the overall frequency of HL in a given population. Thus, it is possible that its presence may simply reflect the prevalence of EBV-infected B cells in the individual. Despite the advances of the past ten years, many questions remain to be answered, and these will provide the challenges of the next decade.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008474526728
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Impaired blood flow and arterio-venous shunting in human diabetic neuropathy: a novel technique of nerve photography and fluorescein angiography (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 1266-1274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Diabetic neuropathy ; sural nerve ; nerve blood flow ; epineurial vessel photography ; fluorescein angiography ; arterio-venous shunting ; vasa nervorum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary New techniques of sural nerve photography and fluorescein angiography which are able to provide an index of nerve blood flow have been developed. Under local anaesthetic, 3 cm of sural nerve was exposed at the ankle using an operating microscope. Without disturbing the epineurium, vessels were identified and photographed at a standard magnification (× 30). These were independently graded by an ophthalmologist not otherwise involved with the study. Fluorescein angiography was then carried out on the exposed nerve. The fluorescein appearance time and intensity of fluorescence were quantified, using computer analysis of digitised images. Thirteen subjects with chronic sensory motor neuropathy, five non-neuropathic diabetic and nine normal control subjects were studied. The mean epineurial vessel pathology score of the neuropathic group was significantly higher than the combined normal control and non-neuropathic diabetic groups (p 〈0.01). Direct epineurial arteriovenous shunting was observed in six neuropathic and one non-neuropathic diabetic patients and not in any of the normal control subjects. The nerve fluorescein appearance time was significantly delayed in subjects with chronic sensory motor neuropathy (51.5 ± 12 s) compared to both normal (34.7 ± 9 s, p 〈0.01) and non-neuropathic diabetic subjects (33.4 ± 11 s, p 〈0.025). The mean intensity of fluorescence at 96, 252 and 576 s, was significantly lower in subjects with chronic sensory motor neuropathy compared with both of the other groups (p 〈0.05). The epineurial vessel pathology score was significantly related to reduced sural (p 〈0.01) and peroneal (p 〈0.001) nerve conduction velocities, elevated vibration (p 〈0.01) and thermal (p 〈0.001) perception and the severity of retinopathy (p 〈0.002). The fluorescein appearance time was significantly related to reduced sural sensory (p 〈0.02) conduction velocity, elevated vibration (p 〈0.01) perception and epineurial vessel (p 〈0.002) pathology score, but it failed to relate to peroneal motor (p = 0.06) conduction velocity, thermal (p = 0.1) perception and the severity of retinopathy (p = 0.3). Intensity of fluorescence was significantly related to fluorescein appearance time (at 96 s, p 〈0.001; at 576 s, p 〈0.05) but did not relate to measures of neuropathic severity. These techniques have enabled us to observe that epineurial vessel anatomy is abnormal and that nerve blood flow is impaired in subjects with chronic sensory motor neuropathy. In addition epineurial arterio-venous shunting may be a feature of diabetic neuropathy. These techniques may further be applied to study nerve blood flow in early diabetic neuropathy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400804
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Arterio-venous shunting and proliferating new vessels in acute painful neuropathy of rapid glycaemic control (insulin neuritis) (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 329-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Insulin neuritis ; diabetic neuropathy ; sural nerve ; nerve blood flow ; arterio-venous shunting ; nerve ; hypoxia ; new vessel formation ; fluorescein angiography.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Insulin neuritis, or painful neuropathy following rapid improvement in glycaemic control, is well recognised but its aetiology is unclear. An understanding of the processes involved in the genesis of acute painful neuropathy of rapid glycaemic control may give an insight into the early pathogenetic factors leading to diabetic nerve damage in general. We have identified five subjects with insulin neuritis including one who developed severe autonomic neuropathy following treatment with insulin. Subjects underwent: 1) assessment of neuropathic symptom and deficit scores; 2) quantitative sensory and electrophysiological studies and 3) sural nerve epineurial vessel photography and fluorescein angiography in vivo. The sural nerve photographs were independently graded by an ophthalmologist. All subjects with insulin neuritis presented with severe sensory symptoms but clinical examination and electrophysiological tests were normal except in the subject with the severe autonomic neuropathy in whom all the tests were abnormal. On nerve photography, there was an abundance of epineurial nutrient vessels although these showed severe abnormalities including arteriolar attenuation, tortuosity and arterio-venous shunting in all subjects. Proliferating neural ’new vessels' which bear striking similarities to those found in the retina and that were more leaky to fluorescein than normal vessels, were observed in three subjects. Venous distension and/or tortuosity was also observed in three subjects and this was most marked in the subject with severe autonomic neuropathy. This study shows that epineurial nutrient vessel anatomy is abnormal in subjects with acute painful neuropathy of rapid glycaemic control, a condition previously thought to be purely metabolic in origin. The presence of epineurial arterio-venous shunting and a fine network of vessels resembling the new vessels of the retina, may lead to a ’steal' effect rendering the endoneurium ischaemic. This process may be important in the genesis of neuropathic pain, and further supports the importance of vascular factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 329–335]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418349
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Arterio-venous shunting and proliferating new vessels in acute painful neuropathy of rapid glycaemic control (insulin neuritis) (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 329-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Insulin neuritis ; diabetic neuropathy ; sural nerve ; nerve blood flow ; arterio-venous shunting ; nerve ; hypoxia ; new vessel formation ; fluorescein angiography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Insulin neuritis, or painful neuropathy following rapid improvement in glycaemic control, is well recognised but its aetiology is unclear. An understanding of the processes involved in the genesis of acute painful neuropathy of rapid glycaemic control may give an insight into the early pathogenetic factors leading to diabetic nerve damage in general. We have identified five subjects with insulin neuritis including one who developed severe autonomic neuropathy following treatment with insulin. Subjects underwent: 1) assessment of neuropathic symptom and deficit scores; 2) quantitative sensory and electro-physiological studies and 3) sural nerve epineurial vessel photography and fluorescein angiography in vivo. The sural nerve photographs were independently graded by an ophthalmologist. All subjects with insulin neuritis presented with severe sensory symptoms but clinical examination and electrophysiological tests were normal except in the subject with the severe autonomic neuropathy in whom all the tests were abnormal. On nerve photography, there was an abundance of epineurial nutrient vessels although these showed severe abnormalities including arteriolar attenuation, tortuosity and arterio-venous shunting in all subjects. Proliferating neural ‘new vessels’ which bear striking similarities to those found in the retina and that were more leaky to fluorescein than normal vessels, were observed in three subjects. Venous distension and/or tortuosity was also observed in three subjects and this was most marked in the subject with severe autonomic neuropathy. This study shows that epineurial nutrient vessel anatomy is abnormal in subjects with acute painful neuropathy of rapid glycaemic control, a condition previously thought to be purely metabolic in origin. The presence of epineurial arterio-venous shunting and a fine network of vessels resembling the new vessels of the retina, may lead to a ‘steal’ effect rendering the endoneurium ischaemic. This process may be important in the genesis of neuropathic pain, and further supports the importance of vascular factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418349
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plasmatubules: an alternative to transfer cells? (1982)
    Springer
    Planta 156 (1982), S. 461-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Apoplast ; Hordeum (plasmatubules) ; Plasmalemmasome ; Plasmatubule ; Symplast ; Transfer cell
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Tubular evaginations of the plasmalemma of the scutellar epithelial cells of barley are described. The evaginations are similar to those present at other sites where solute flux occurs for a limited period only and wall development of the transfer-cell form has not occured. Differential uptake of the fluorescent dyes fluorescein, which moves into the symplast, and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonic acid, which remains in the apoplast only, indicates that the scutellar epithelial cells contain the boundary between the apoplast and symplast. We suggest that i) the plasmalemma evaginations, which have a specific form and localisation, may be referred to as plasmatubules rather than by the general term plasmalemmasome, and that ii) the plasmatubules may act in membrane amplification in a short-term structural modification which is an alternative to transfer cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393318
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    World Health Organization Classification of lymphomas: A work in progress (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 9 (1998), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): B cell ; Hodgkin's disease ; leukemia ; lymphoma ; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; T cell
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) publishes classification handbooks for all neoplastic diseases. The last WHO Classification of leukemias and lymphomas was published in 1976. Since that time, through cytogenetics and molecular biology, it has been shown that many hematopoietic neoplasms are associated with a unique genetic profile. Similarly, the development of widely available and routinely applied monoclonal antibodies has allowed the identification of a unique immunophenotypic profile for most leukemias and lymphomas. These techniques have permitted the recognition of a number of distinct disease entities, and also enhance both diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility. The WHO Classification has been developed under the joint auspices of the European Association for Hematopathology (EAHP) and the Society for Hematopathology (SH). First organized in 1995, the Steering Committee appointed 10 committees covering T-cell and B-cell lymphomas and leukemias, myeloid and histiocytic tumors. The committees were asked to develop a list of diseases within their topic area, and to establish definitions of each disease according to established criteria. The WHO Classification uses the principles of the R.E.A.L. Classification, which defines each disease according to its morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features, postulated normal counterpart, and clinical features. Morphologic and clinical variants of individual diseases are discussed in the text, and their use is optional. The proposed classification was presented at the USCAP meeting in 1997, the site of the first joint meeting of the EAHP and SH. The presentation was followed by an open forum attended by EAHP and SH members. The Steering Committee also appointed a Clinical Advisory Committee to ensure that the classification meets clinical needs, and to resolve questions of clinical significance. The proposed WHO Classification for lymphomas is similar to the R.E.A.L. Classification for lymphomas, with minor modifications and reassessment of provisional categories based on new data since 1994.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008462124002
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plasmatubules in transfer cells of pea (Pisum sativum L.) (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 165 (1985), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Apoplast ; Plasmatubule ; Pisum (plasmatubules) ; Symplast ; Transfer cell ; Vein (minor)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Plasmatubules are tubular evaginations of the plasmalemma. They have previously been found at sites where high solute flux between apoplast and symplast occurs for a short period and where wall proliferations of the transfer cell type have not been developed (Harris et al. 1982, Planta 156, 461–465). In this paper we describe the distribution of plasmatubules in transfer cells of the leaf minor veins of Pisum sativum L. Transfer cells are found in these veins associated both with phloem sieve elements and with xylem vessels. Plasmatubules were found, in both types of transfer cell and it is suggested that the specific distribution of the plasmatubules may reflect further membrane amplification within the transfer cell for uptake of solute from apoplast into symplast.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395041
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