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  • Chemical Engineering  (56)
  • Cigarette smoke  (3)
  • chemical potential  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effect of gas phase cigarette smoke on breathing: role of hydroxyl radical
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Respiration Physiology 82 (1990), S. 227-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-5687
    Keywords: Airway receptors ; Animal ; Bronchopulmonary afferents ; Cigarette smoke ; Drugs ; Oxygen radicals ; airway receptors ; cigarette smoke ; dimethylthiourea ; rat ; response to smoke
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0034-5687(90)90037-Y
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hexamethonium aerosol prevents pulmonary reflexes induced by cigarette smoke in dogs
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Respiration Physiology 66 (1986), S. 303-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-5687
    Keywords: Apnea ; Cigarette smoke ; Hexamethonium ; Isoproterenol ; Nicotine ; Pulmonary chemoreflex ; Vagal bronchopulmonary receptor
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0034-5687(86)90082-4
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The stimulatory effect of nicotine on vagal pulmonary C-fibers in dogs
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Respiration Physiology 76 (1989), S. 347-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-5687
    Keywords: Apnea ; Bronchoconstriction ; Capsaicin ; Cigarette smoke ; Nicotinic receptors ; Pulmonary chemoreflexes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0034-5687(89)90075-3
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical potential prediction in realistic fluid models with scaled particle theory (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 11 (1990), S. 73-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: chemical potential ; Kirkwood charging process ; Lennard-Jones fluid ; scaled particle theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A procedure frequently proposed in the literature for calculating chemical potentials relies on the Kirkwood charging process. Numerical problems associated with coupling large repulsive forces can be avoided by estimating the contribution to the chemical potential due to these forces with scaled particle theory. The contribution due to soft repulsive forces and attractive forces can be calculated with the Kirkwood charging process using distribution functions for a test particle obtained from integral equation theories. We have used the accurate HMSA theory of Zerah and Hansen to provide distribution functions in mixtures of Lennard-Jones molecules, and we have used the PYP theory of Lee to scale the distribution functions over the charging process. The theory provides accurate estimates of chemical potentials over a range of densities from gas-like to liquid-like when the reduced temperature kT/ɛ is greater than 2. Accurate results for excess free energy changes of mixing are also obtained at these conditions. At lower temperatures accurate results are obtained for low to moderate reduced densities (ρσ 3⩽0.5).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00503860
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consistency conditions for the integral equations of liquid structures (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 17 (1996), S. 663-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: bridge function ; chemical potential ; closure relation ; GibbsDuhem relation ; integral equations ; Lennard Jones potential ; pressure consistency ; thermodynamic consistency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A thermodynamic consistency principle is established for the closure relations in integral equations that can yield accurate correlation functions as well as accurate thermodynamic properties, A brief lour d'horizon is given for existing consistency approaches. In addition to the common pressure consistency and the pressure energy consistency, we introduce a third requirement based on the Gibbs-Duhem relation. We found that Gibbs Duhem relation, mediated through the chemical potential, is instrumental in procuring accurate behavior of the bridge function and cavity Junction in the overlapping region (0 〈r 〈 σ). We test the Lennard Jones fluid over wide ranges ofT * andp * (T * as low as 0.72 andp * up to 11,90(, For more than IS state points we obtain excellent agreement in internal energy, pressure, and chemical potential. Comparison with Monte Carlo data on the bridge Junction and the radial distribution function also shows that the present approach is highly accurate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01441512
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic behavior of a single screw plasticating extruder part I: Experimental study (1986)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 144-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic responses of a 2-1/2 inch single screw plasticating extruder and extrusion line were investigated. Step changes in screw speed, take-up speed, back pressure, and processing materials were used to determine the transient responses of barrel pressures, die pressure, melt temperature, and extrudate thickness. Dynamic responses of the entire extrusion line can be explained by the flow mechanism of the extruder and the logical properties of the polymer used. A capillary rheometer was also used to determine if it could simulate pressure responses in the extruder for screw speed changes. Results showed that capillary rheometer was helpful in estimating the short term pressure responses in the die.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760260206
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic behavior of a single screw plasticating extruder part II: Dynamic modeling (1986)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 152-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic response of a 2.5 inch plasticating extruder and the extrusion line are modeled using high density polyethylene and acrylics us extrudate. Screw speed, back pressure valve position, and material changes are used as forcing functions. Three fundamental transfer functions in the Laplace domain: a first order, a second order, and a lead-lag, are developed to simulate the short term and long term responses of temperatures, pressures, and extrudate thickness. A kinetic-elastic model which can predict rheological properties of non-Newtonian, viscoelastic materials is also applied to the pressure responses of the extrusion process. This model can fit the experimental data well but due to the complexity involved in its parameter setting, more modifications are required before it can be applied for the control of extrusion process.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760260207
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Process control of polymer extrusion. Part II: Feedforward control (1986)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 205-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A feedforward plus feedback control method (FFC) and an adaptive feedforward plus feedback control method (AFFC) were proposed in this study to control the extrudate thickness of polymer extrusion. They were tested by step changes of screw speed and feedstock, and square wave type of screw speed changes. It is found that these feedforward control methods worked very well for various load disturbances but they required a good process model and accurate on-line measurements of manipulated variables and load variables. The feedback function was necessary to compensate the over- or under-corrections of the feedforward controllers and to handle other disturbances which were not considered in the feedforward model.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760260305
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Process control of polymer extrusion. Part I: Feedback control (1986)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: On-line computer control of extrudate thickness was carried out using a 2-1/2 Inch single screw plasticating extruder. Predried poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was extruded through a slit die. Two feedback control methods, a conventional PI controller and a Smith predictor dead time compensation, were tried for both set point changes (i. e., extrudate thickness changes) and load changes (i. e., screw speed changes). Results showed that both the PI feedback control and the Smith predictor were satisfactory for long term set point changes but not for load changes. Since the Smith predictor may compensate the process dead time, it would be useful for regulating short term set point changes such as barrel temperature settings.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760260304
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multidimensional control of profile extrusion (1986)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dimensional changes in complex profile extrusions are classified as overall size and local shape changes which can be related naturally and systematically to changes in operating conditions. The theoretical basis and supporting experimental data for simultaneous, independent control of certain classes of extrudate dimensions are presented for the following strategies: (1) size control by manipulating line speed relative to extruder output rate, (2) shape control by manipulating extrudate swell through adjustments in stock temperature, and (3) shape control by manipulating local die flow by adjusting the die temperature set point.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760260308
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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