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Structural heterogeneity in the R173 family of rye-specific repetitive DNA sequences (1992)

Rogowsky, Peter M. ; Liu, Jin-Yuan ; Manning, Susanne ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant molecular biology 20 (1992), S. 95-102

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ISSN: 1573-5028

Keywords: nucleotide sequence ; repeated DNA sequence, rye ; (Secale cereale) ; transposon

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The rye-specific R173 family of repeated DNA sequences consists of ca. 15 000 individual copies per diploid rye (Secale cereale) genome and is distributed over all 7 rye chromosomes in a dispersed manner. Individual R173 elements vary in size between 3 and 6 kb, are generally not arranged as tandem repeats and are flanked by both multi-copy and single-copy sequences. DNA sequence analysis of three R173 elements (R173-1, R173-2 and R173-3) demonstrated a high degree of homology in conserved domains. The structure of R173-1 was quite different from the other two elements: long direct repeats, which represent a rye-specific repetitive sequence, were found at the ends and a 600 bp long domain was replaced by an unrelated sequence of approximately equal size. R173-2 and R173-3 were extremely similar to each other with the exception of a terminal truncation of R173-2. No open reading frames for proteins 〉20 kDa were present and a database search failed to detect significant homologies to published protein sequences. Despite the transposon like genomic organisation of the R173 family, individual elements lacked sequence features frequently associated with transposons and retrotransposons. In contrast, two of the regions flanking R173 elements showed strong DNA homologies to a 850 bp long region of a proposed wheat retrotransposon and to a 300 bp long region downstream of the wheatGlu-D1 gene.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029152

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Numerical dosimetry at power-line frequencies using anatomically based models (1992)

Gandhi, Om P. ; Chen, Jin-Yuan

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Bioelectromagnetics 13 (1992), S. 43-60

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ISSN: 0197-8462

Keywords: scaled frequency FDTD method ; induced current densities ; pure electric or magnetic fields ; combined electric and magnetic fields ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Physics

Notes: We have used the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to calculate induced current densities in a 1.31-cm (nominal 1/2 in) resolution anatomically based model of the human body for exposure to purely electric, purely magnetic, and combined electric and magnetic fields at 60 Hz. This model based on anatomic sectional diagrams consists of 45,024 cubic cells of dimension 1.31 cm for which the volume-averaged tissue properties are prescribed. It is recognized that the conductivities of several tissues (skeletal muscle, bone, etc.) are highly anisotropic for power-line frequencies. This has, however, been neglected in the first instance and will be included in future calculations. Because of the quasi-static nature of coupling at the power-line frequencies, a higher quasi-static frequency f′ may be used for irradiation of the model, and the internal fields E′ thus calculated can be scaled back to the frequency of interest, e.g., 60 Hz. Since in the FDTD method one needs to calculate in the time domain until convergence is obtained (typically 3-4 time periods), this frequency scaling to 5-10 MHz for f′ reduces the needed number of iterations by over 5 orders of magnitude. The data calculated for the induced current and its variation as a function of height are in excellent agreement with the data published in the literature. The average current densities calculated for the various sections of the body for the magnetic field component (H) are considerably smaller (by a factor of 20-50) than those due to the vertically polarized electric field component when the ratio E/H is 377 ohms. We have also used the previously described impedance method to calculate the induced current densities for the anatomically based model of the human body for the various orientations of the time-varying magnetic fields, namely from side to side, front to back, or from top to bottom of the model, respectively. 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Additional Material: 8 Ill.